CE510

FOUNDATION
ENGINEERING
Del Rosario, Marion Jed
D e l a C r u z , I v a n J e r e m i a h T.
Encallado, Joyce Marie L.
“RECTANGULAR ISOLATED FOOTINGS”
 As previously mentioned, isolated footings may be
rectangular in plan if the column has a very pronounced
rectangular shape or if the space available for the footing forces
the designer into using a rectangular shape. Should a square
footing be feasible, it is normally desirable than a rectangular
one because it will require less material and it will be simpler to
construct.
The design procedure is almost identical with the one used
for square footings. After the required area is calculated and the
lateral dimensions is selected, the depths required for one-way
and two-way shear are determined by the usual methods. One-
way shear will very often control the depths for rectangular
footings, whereas two-way shear normally controls the depths of
square footings.
 The next step is to select the reinforcing in the long direction. These
longitudinal are spaced uniformly across the footing, but such is not the
case for the short-span reinforcing. In figure 12.14, it can be seen that the
support provided by the footing to the column will be concentrated near
the middle of the footing, and thus the moment in the short direction will
be concentrated somewhat in the same area near the column.
As a result of this concentration effect, it seems only logical to
concentrate a large proportion of the short-span reinforcing in this area.
The code (15.4.4.2) states that a minimum percentage of the total short-
span reinforcing should be placed in a band width equal to the length of
the shorter direction of the footing. The amount of reinforcing in this band
is to be determined with the following expression, in which 𝝱 is the ratio of
the length of the long side to the width of the short side of the footing:

𝑅𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 2

= = 𝛾𝑎
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛽 +1

( ACI Equation 15-1)

 The remaining reinforcing in the short direction
should be uniformly spaced over the ends of the
footing, but authors feel it should at least meet the
shrinkage and temperature requirements of the ACI
Code (7.12).
Example 12.5 presents the partial design of a
rectangular footing in which the depths for one-way
and two-way shears are determined and the
reinforcement selected.
 FR
EXAMPLE 12.5
Design a rectangular footing for an 18-in square interior column
with a dead load of 185 k and a live load of 150 k. Make the length of
the long side equal to twice the width of the short side, 𝑓𝑦 = 60,000 psi,
𝑓′𝑐 = 4,000 psi, normal weight, and 𝑞𝑎 = 4,000 psf. Assume the base of
the footing is 5 ft 0 in. below grade.

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 FR
SOLUTION:
Assume 24-in Footing (d=19.5 in.)
d = assume thickness - 4.5 side cover
d= 24 in – 4.5 in =19.5 in

qe = qa - 𝜸𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 (thickness) - 𝜸𝒔𝒐𝒊𝒍 (thickness)

24 in 36 in
qe = 4000 psf – (12in/ft)(150 pcf) – (12in/ft)(100 pcf) = 3400 psf

𝑫𝑳+𝑳𝑳
Area required = 𝒒𝒆

185 𝑘+150 𝑘
Area required = = 98.5 𝒇𝒕𝟐 Use 7 ft 0 in x 14 ft 0 in = 98 𝑓𝑡 2
3.4 𝑘𝑠𝑓

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 SOLUTION: FR
𝟏. 𝟐𝑫 + 𝟏. 𝟔𝑳
𝒒𝒖 =
𝑨
1.2 185 𝑘 +(1.6)(150 𝑘)
qu = = 4.71 ksf
98 𝑓𝑡 2

Check Depth for One-Way Shear ( Figure 12.15)

b = 7 ft

𝑏𝑤𝑒𝑏
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 𝑏 −( + 𝑑2)
2
Vu1 = (7.0 ft)(4.625 ft)(4.71 ksf) = 152.49 k

𝑉𝑢1
𝑑=
ϕλ 2 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏
152490 𝑙𝑏
d = (0.75)(1.0)(2 = 19.14 in , h = d + 4.5 in = 23.64 in. Use 24 in.
4000𝑝𝑠𝑖)(84 𝑖𝑛)
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 FR
SOLUTION:
Check Depth for Two-Way Shear ( Figure 12.16)
bo = (4)(37.5 in) = 150 in.

𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 − (𝑏𝑤𝑒𝑏 + 𝑑)2

Vu2 = [98.0 𝑓𝑡 2 - (3.125 𝑓𝑡)2 ](4.71 ksf) = 415.58 k

𝑉𝑢2
𝑑=
𝜙λ 4 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑜
415580 𝑙𝑏
d = (0.75)(1.0)(4 = 14.60 in < 19.5 in. OK!
4000𝑝𝑠𝑖)(150 𝑖𝑛)

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 FR
SOLUTION:
𝑉𝑢2
𝑑=
40 × 𝑑
𝜙( + 2) 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑜
𝑏𝑜
415580 𝑙𝑏
d= 40 𝑖𝑛 × 19.5 𝑖𝑛 = 8.11 in < 19.5 in. OK!
(0.75)( 150 𝑖𝑛
+2)( 4000𝑝𝑠𝑖)(150 𝑖𝑛)

If either value of d in the last two equations had exceeded the assumed value of 19.5 in., it
would have been necessary to increase the trial value of d and start over.

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 FR
SOLUTION:
Design of Longitudinal Steel
14 𝑓𝑡 9 𝑖𝑛.
Lever arm = – 12𝑖𝑛/𝑓𝑡 =6.25 ft
2

𝐿2
Mu = 𝑞𝑢 × 𝑏( )
8
6.25 𝑓𝑡
Mu = (6.25 ft)(7.0 ft)(4.71 ksf)( ) = 643.9 ft-k
2

𝑀𝑢
𝑅𝑛 =
∅𝑏𝑑 2
12𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑢 ( 𝑓𝑡 )(643900 𝑓𝑡−𝑙𝑏)
= = 268.8 psi
∅𝑏𝑑2 (0.90)(84 𝑖𝑛 )(19.5 𝑖𝑛)2

𝜌 = 0.00467 (From Appendix A, Table A.13)

As = (0.00467)(84 in)(19.5 in) = 7.65 𝒊𝒏𝟐 Use 10 #8 bars (7.85 in2 )
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 FR
SOLUTION:
Design of Steel in Short Direction (Figure 12.17)
7 𝑓𝑡 9 𝑖𝑛.
Lever arm = – 12𝑖𝑛/𝑓𝑡 = 2.75 ft
2

𝐿2
Mu = 𝑞𝑢 × 𝑏( )
8
2.75 𝑓𝑡
Mu = (2.75 ft)(14 ft)(4.71 ksf)( ) = 249.3 ft-k
2

𝑀𝑢
𝑅𝑛 =
∅𝑏𝑑 2
12𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑢 ( 𝑓𝑡 )(249300 𝑓𝑡−𝑙𝑏)
= = 52 psi
∅𝑏𝑑2 (0.90)(168 𝑖𝑛 )(19.5 𝑖𝑛)2

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 SOLUTION: FR
𝑓′ 𝑐
ρmin = 4𝑓𝑦
200
Use 𝜌 = larger of = 0.0033 Use
60000 𝑝𝑠𝑖

1.4
ρmin = 3 4000𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑓𝑦
or = 0.00316
60000 𝑝𝑠𝑖

As = ρmin (L)(d)
As = (0.0033)(168 in)(19.5 in) = 10.81 𝒊𝒏𝟐 Use 18 #7 bars (10.82 in2 )

𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛
𝛽 =
𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛
Reinforcing in band width 2 2 𝟐
= β +1 = = Use 2/3 x 18 = 12 bars in band width
Total reinforcing in short direction 2 +1 𝟑

Subsequent check of required development lengths is OK.

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