Definition:


Numerical – a descriptive word pertaining to
or denoting a number or symbol to express
how many, how much or what rank things
are or have in this world.
Mathematical operations – to express
relationships between quantities or
magnitudes shown by numbers or symbols
 Characteristics

Objective research
Only exist in hard sciences:
 Physics
 Chemistry
 Biology
 Medicine
 Classification
Two kinds of Quantitative Research
 Experimental
Sub-types
- true experimental
- quasi-experimental
- single subject
- pre-experimental
 Classification
 Non-experimental research
Sub-types
- survey
- historical
- observational
- correlational
- descriptive
- comparative research
 Importance

useful in obtaining an objective
understanding of people, things,
places, and events in this world.
 Quantitative vs. Qualitative
Research
Standards Qualitative Quantitative
Mental survey of reality Results from social Exists in the physical world
interactions
Cause-effect relationships Explained by people’s Revealed by automatic
objective desires descriptions of circumstances
or conditions

Researcher’s involvement Subjective; sometimes Objective; least involvement

with the object or subject of personally engaged by the researcher
the study

Expression of data, data Verbal language (words, Numerals, statistics

analysis, and findings visuals, objects)
 Standards Qualitative
Research plan Takes place as the research
proceeds gradually
Behaviour toward research Desires to preserve the
aspects/ natural setting of research
conditions features
Obtaining knowledge Multiple methods
Purpose Makes social intentions
understandable
Data-analysis technique Thematic codal ways,
competence-based
Style of expression Personal, lacks formality
Sampling technique More inclined to purposive
sampling or use of chosen
samples based on some
criteria
Quantitative
Plans all research aspects
before collecting data
Control or manipulation of
research conditions by the
researcher
Scientific method
Evaluates objectives and
examines cause-effect
relationships
Mathematically based
methods
Impersonal, scientific , or
systematic
Random sampling as the most
preferred