sociology

anthropology
political science
Definition. Nature. Goals. Common concerns.
sociology anthropology

Political science
ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropology
Greek “Anthropos”
“man” + “logos” “ study”
Branch of knowledge
which deals with the
scientific study of man,
his works, body,
behavior and values
within a specific time
and space.
 Anthropology

It is the scientific study of

humans and their
CULTURES in the past
and present time.
 Anthropology
– Discovers when, where and why humans
appeared on earth
– Why there are variations in physical
features
– Ancient customs and practices
Anthropology
• Arts
• Architecture
• Technology
• Sculpture
• Literature
• Music
Branches of Anthropology
 CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Focuses on living (or recently living) people

and their cultures including variation and
change.
 LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY

Focuses on human language and

communication.
It includes the
study of
communication’s
origins, history,
and contemporary
variation
 ARCHAEOLOGY

Refers to the study of past human

cultures through their material
remains. It is the study of past human
cultures through the recovery and
analysis of artifacts.
 BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Also known as “physical anthropology”,

this
Refers to the study of humans as biological
organisms
including their
evolution and
Contemporary
variation
SOCIOLOGY
 Sociology
Latin word “socio” “people together” and
Greek word “logos” which means “the study”.

Scientific study of patterns of human

interaction that deals with the study of group
life
 Sociology

 Investigates the social world

 Inquires how groups are formed
 Determines how
groups affect
the individual and
vice versa
Branches of
SOCIOLOGY
 Social Organization

The study of social groups, social institutions,

ethnic relations, social stratification, social
mobility, and bureaucracy.
 Social Psychology

This area studies human nature and

personality as the product of group life. It
also touches on the study of social attitudes
and collective behavior.
 Social Change and Social
Disorganization
This area is concerned with change in
culture and social relations and the
attendant disruption that may occur. Social
reorganization is also considered.
 Population

This analyses population number,

composition, change, and quality as they
influence and are influenced by the social,
economic, and political orders.
 Human Ecology

Studies in this area deal with the human

behavior of a given population in relation to
its environment and the emergence of the
spatial relations between the people and
the environment.
 Sociological Theory and
Methods
Includes theory building and testing the
applicability of the principles of group life as
the bases for the prediction and control of
the individual’s social environment.
 Applied Sociology

This makes use of findings of pure

sociological research on the various aspects
and problems of daily life, as in criminology,
community development, family, squatters’
relocation, education, agrarian reform,
nongovernmental organizations, labor
relations, nutrition and health.
ANTHROPOLOGY SOCIOLOGY

• Focuses on culture • Focuses on social

processes
• Understand way of life, • Understand way of life,
society culture society culture
• Complimented by • Complimented by
sociological researches anthropological research
• Originated from • Originated from
primitive groups (pre- Western
historic) civilization (historical)
Methodology of Sociology and
Anthropology
Scientific Investigation

• Search for knowledge

• to solve practical problems
Empirical Investigation

• Direct experience of
the phenomena
• Use of the senses
Objectivity
• Date must be presented, analyzed and
• Interpreted independently of the
researcher’s
• own beliefs and value
judgments.
• “What you see and
not what you want
to see”
Relevance of Sociology
and Anthropology
Application of Socio-Anthropological
knowledge to the production and design of
people’s needs.
For better
understanding
of culture and
society
Expansion of
our world
perspective
to formulate how these needs be known to
everyone.
Political science
It is the systematic study of government and
politics.
It focuses on the ‘power’ that plays a crucial
part in the lives of every human beings.
 The state (Polis)
It is an institution that sets up the social
norms and values as to who will possess
‘the monopoly of legitimate use of
physical force within a given territory,’
how that power is acquired and
maintained, and how that power is
organized and exercised.