Electric Submersible Pump

E L E C T R I C S U B M E R S I B L E P U M P A D A L A H P O M PA
S E N T R I F U G A L YA N G D I G E R A K K A N O L E H M O T O R L I S T R I K
 Pendahuluan (2)
 ESP akan meningkatkan discharge pressure yang
akan mendorong fluida ke permukaan.
 Energi yang digunakan untuk menggerakkan pompa
adalah listrik arus bolak-balik yang mempunyai
voltage tinggi, 3 – 5 kV.
 Energi tersebut menggerakkan motor listrik, yang
dapat bekerja pada temperatur tinggi (mencapai 300
oF), dan tekanan mencapai 5000 psi.

 Pompa dapat memindahkan fluida dari kedalaman

12000 ft, dengan tenaga sebesar 1000 HP
 Putaran motor dapat mencapai 4000 rpm, sehingga
sangat tidak sesuai untuk kondisi produksi yang
mengandung pasir, atau emulsi minyak – air, dan
efisiensi pompa akan turun drastis jika
terproduksikan gas.
 Pendahuluan (3)
“REDA” - PUMP

 Submersible pumping systems have a wide range of

applications and offer an efficient and economical lift method.
 Wells deeper than 15,000 ft, hotter than 220 degC [428 oF],
and ranging from 100 bbl/d to 100,000 bbl/d are potential
electrical submersible pump (ESP) wells.
 Even if sand production, high GOR, and viscosity are
concerns, you can find the right ESP for your well and
improve production.
 From onshore high-water-cut applications to complex
offshore, deepwater, or subsea applications, we have a
system to meet your needs.
 Pendahuluan (4)
Schlumberger Electrical Submersible Pump
 Schlumberger Artificial Lift offers the widest capacity range of submersible pumps in the
industry. These pumps can handle production rates from 100 to 95,000 bbl/d and can
produce from depths of 15,000 feet.
In addition to typical applications in oil, water, and brine production, pumps are used for
booster service, ballast transfer, waterfloods, direct injection, cavern storage, mine
dewatering, fire protection, irrigation, and commercial water systems.
Submersible pumps are multistage centrifugal pumps. Each stage consists of a rotating
impeller and a stationary diffuser. Stage materials are Ni-Resist, Ryton, or special
metallurgies for optimum performance in corrosive or abrasive wells.
MONEL alloy K-500 shafts are standard on all pumps. Optional high-strength shaft material
is also available.
Corrosion-resistant coatings and ferritic steel construction are available for protection in
H2S, CO2, and similar corrosive environments.
For abrasive applications where maximum pump life is required, the patented ARZ pumps
with zirconia ceramic bearings and compression-ring construction are the most
technologically advanced submersible pumps available. The compliant-mounted zirconia
bearings have repeatedly shown 100 times less wear than hardened alloy bearings in tests
and actual field performance.
 Peralatan
Electric
Submersible Pump

PUMP (CENTRIFUGAL)
MOTOR (ELECTRIC)
PROTECTOR (PENGHUBUNG MOTOR – PUMP)
CABLE (ELECTRIC DARI PERMUKAAN)
S U R FAC E E L E C T R I C E Q U I P M E N T
Penampang Sumur
Electric Submersible Pump

• Peralatan Electric di Permukaan

• Wellhead
• Peralatan Pompa di Bawah Permukaan

7
Peralatan Bawah Permukaan
 ESP
 ESP merupakan pompa sentrifugal
bertingkat.
 Setiap tingkat terdiri dari satu impeller dan
satu diffuser, serta satu thrust washer
 Setiap tingkat berada dalam satu poros
(shaft)
 Poros diputar oleh motor listrik
 Akibat putaran poros, impeller ikut
berputar dan mendorong minyak masuk
ke difuser pada tingkat berikutnya
 Pada akhir stage fluida dari impeller yang
berputar masuk ke thrust washer yang
meningkatkan tekanan fluida
Impeller dan Difuser
 Impeller mempunyai sudu-
sudu yang memutar fluida
 Konstruksi impeller dan
difuser tersebut sedemikian
rupa sehingga fluida
tersebut berputar dalam
aliran yang kontinu,
didorong impeller, dan
masuk ke difuser dan thrust
washer.
 Selanjutnya masuk
kedalam impeller tingkat
berikutnya
KOMPONEN PERALATAN POMPA
11
 Motor

 All submersible motors are designed for reliable operation in the extreme
environments common in oil well applications.
Motors are two pole, three-phase squirrel cage induction type and are hand
wound. They are filled with a highly refined mineral oil to provide dielectric
strength, lubrication for bearings and thermal conductivity. The motor thrust
bearing carries the load of the rotors. Heat generated by the motor is transferred to
the well fluid as it flows by the motor housing.
Corrosion protection is provided with flame spray coatings or ferritic steel
construction.
High temperature/high load thrust bearings and high strength shafts are available.
To reduce power costs, all motors feature improved winding configurations, which
optimize the electrical performance and improve efficiency.
DOMINATOR Series 456, 562 and 738 motors feature a comprehensive new rotor
and stator design that cost effectively delivers the best performance available for
wells with 5 1/2" and larger casing. Comparative testing and actual field
performance have proven the DOMINATOR motors to be the most rugged and
efficient submersible motors available.
Increases in both power and efficiency are possible with the new rotor and stator
designs. The new rotor bar shape allows for more copper in the rotor for increased
starting torque and greater efficiency. The precision steel stator laminations focus
the magnetic forces on the rotors to reduce the energy loss. The stator windings
have been enhanced with increased copper fill and a superior high temperature
insulation system.
KOMPONEN PERALATAN
MOTOR LISTRIK
 Protector

 The patented Modular Protector provides the ultimate protection available

against well fluid entering the motor. It also serves as an oil reservoir for
the motor, balances the internal pressure of the well fluid and carries the
thrust load of the pump.
The proven technology of both the labyrinth protector and the positive seal
protector are featured in the Modular Protector.
Some submersible applications have required that two or more protectors
be bolted in tandem to achieve adequate protection. The Modular
Protector eliminates the cost of tandems by combining multiple protector
sections in one unit. Common components are used to assemble multiple
labyrinth and/or positive seal sections in a variety of configurations to
match individual well conditions or customer requirements.
The Modular Protector allows you to choose the proper type of protection
needed for specific well conditions. High strength shafts and high
temperature/high load thrust bearings are available for extreme
applications.
Extra shaft bushings and seals have been added in most configurations for
extra shaft support and to prevent well fluid from entering the motor. A filter
has been built into the base of the protector to prevent debris from entering
the motor.
Protector & Cable
Motor
Motor, Protector, dan Pompa
 Schlumberger - Integrated ESP systems
 REDA* Maximus* electrical submersible pumping (ESP) systems
maximize pump reliability and performance through the use of
integrated components with fewer mechanical connections. REDA
Maximus pumps operate in flow rates from 300 to 1,250 m3/d
[1,880 to 7,860 bbl/d] and feature an improved stage design for
better performance over a wider operating range.
 This innovative system design also enables faster installation and
customized capabilities for both the intake and gas separator
configurations. The multifunctional ProMotor* component of the
Maximus system combines the motor, protector, and downhole
sensor in one unit. The ProMotor unit is prefilled in the controlled
manufacturing environment to simplify wellsite operations and
reduce rig-up time.
 The sensor integrated in the ProMotor unit measures ownhole
pressure and temperature. The real-time measurements can be
used by artificial lift engineers to improve pump performance and
increase production. Compatible with all standard REDA pumps,
the ProMotor unit is available in a wide range of horsepower (25 to
675 hp) for use in standard pump systems with flow rates from 30
to 1,600 m3/d [200 to 10,000 bbl/day].
 GAS ANCHOR
PEMISAH GAS DARI LIQUID

 Untuk mengurangi gas yang

masuk ke dalam pompa
 Gas masuk kedalam
pompa, efisiensi pompa
akan turun
Gas Anchor

Schlumberger
Motor, Protector, Gas Anchor, Pump

Schlumberger
Downhole Monitoring
Cable
 Dua Jenis Cable:
 Round Cable
 Flat Cable
 Cable sebelum masuk
motor, flat cable, dan
pada tubing round cable
(sambungan disebut
splice cable)
 Conductor :
 Copper
 Aluminum
 Cable dipilih berdasarkan
temperatur di lingkungan
 Spesifikasi Cable

Maximum Ampere Voltage Drop

Untuk Beberapa Jenis Cable Untuk Beberapa Jenis Cable

Jenis Cable Ampere Jenis Cable X

#1 Cu atau #2/0 Al 110 #12 Cu atau #10 Al 3.907
#2 Cu atau #1/0 Al 95 #10 Cu atau #8 Al 2.447
#4 Cu atau #2 Al 70 #8 Cu atau #6 Al 1.553
6# Cu atau #4 Al 55 #6 Cu atau #4 Al 0.988
#4 Cu atau #2 Al 0.624
#2 Cu atau 1/0 Al 0.390
#1 Cu atau #2/0 Al 0.307

X = voltage drop per ampere per 1000 ft

(100% power factor, 149 oF)
 Clearance Cable

 Clearance Cable : annulus antara casing dan

sambungan tubing (coupling tubing)

 OD Cable ≤ ID Casing – OD Coupling Tubing – 0.25

Protector & Cable
Peralatan Electric di Permukaan
 Cara Kerja
Electric Submersible Pump

CARA KERJA IMPELLER

E F F I C I E C Y P O M PA
P E R F O R M A N C E P O M PA
Cara Kerja Impeller (1)
 Fluida yang masuk kedalam
pompa atau impeller, akan
mengalami dua komponen
kecepatan, yaitu:
 Peripheral velocity

 Relative velocity

 Pada gambar ditunjukkan

bahwa subscript 1 menyatakan
inlet, dan subscript 2
menyatakan discharge
 Selama mengikuti putaran
impeller kecepatan fluida
meningkat.
Cara Kerja Impeller (2)
 Jumlah “blade”
 Penampang impeller
 Kecepatan putaran
 Diameter impeller

 Merupakan variabel yang

menentukan peningkatan
kecepatan fluida di titik
discharge

 Pompa merubah energi

kinetik menjadi energi
potential
 Efisiency Pompa
 Hydraulic Losses
 Friction loss
 Diffusion loss
 Fluid shock loss
 Mixing loss
 Turning loss
 Separation loss
 Leakage Losses
 Adanya clearance antara
impeller dan difuser
 Mechanical Losses
 Disk friction
 Frictional losses in
bearings
 Thrust bearing loss
 Overall Pump
Efficiency
 Hydraulic Eff
 Volumetric Eff
 Mechanical Eff
 Pump Performance Curve (1)
 Brake Horsepower terdiri dari :
 Power yang diperlukan untuk mengatasi semua losses

 Power yang dibutuhkan untuk memompa fluida

 Performance Pompa digambarkan dengan:

 Horsepower vs laju alir

 Head capacity vs laju alir

 Pump efficiency vs laju alir

 Test di laboratorium terhadap suatu pompa

dihasilkan Grafik Performance Pompa
Pump Performance Curve (2)
32
Pump Performance Curve (3)
33
 Perancangan Peralatan ESP (1)

Informasi tentang Garis Besar Perancangan

rencana laju produksi
dan konfigurasi sumur Peralatan ESP

Pump Head Cable

Transformer
Well
Total Head
Configuration Switchboard

Brake HP
ESP
Stages

Motor
 Perancangan Peralatan ESP (2)

Arah Flow  Skema peralatan ESP untuk

Pump perancangan, sebagai dasar
Discharge
perancangan.
Pump  Pada Pump Discharge dihasilkan
tekanan discharge
Pump
Intake  Tekanan discharge
direpresentasikan dalam bentuk
Protector
HEAD (tinggi kolom cairan yang
ekivalen dengan tekanan discharge)
Electric Motor
 Head pompa diharapkan dapat
mengatasi semua hambatan
terhadap aliran fluida ke permukaan
Perancangan Peralatan ESP (3)

 Total Dynamic Head = TDH, adalah

Arah Flow
head kesekuruhan yang dapat
Pump
Discharge
mengatasi hambatan
 TDH, terdiri dari :
Pump
 Pressure head
Pump  Elevation head
Intake  Velocity head
Protector  Elevation head diabaikan, dengan
anggapan bahwa jarak antara
Electric Motor
intake dan discharge kecil
 TDH = Pressure Head – Velocity Head
Perancangan Peralatan ESP (4)

Arah Flow
dimana:
 Es : intake energy
Vd2
Ed  Ppd 
2g  Pps: intake pressure
Pump  Vs : intake velocity
Vs2
 g : gravitasi
Es  Pps 
2g
 Ed : discharge energy
 Ppd: discharge pressure
Protector
 Vd : discharge velocity

Electric Motor
 TDH = Ed - Es
Perancangan Peralatan ESP (5)

 Pps : intake pressure

Arah Flow
2.31Pwh
Ed  Ppd 
Vd2 Ppd  Z  Hf
2g f
Pump  Ppd : discharge pressure
Vs2
Es  Pps  Vs2
2g Pps  Z s   He
2g
Protector

 2.31Pwh  Vd2  V 2
 Vs2
Electric Motor TDH   Z  Hf  Z  s
 H e  
   2g  s 2g
 f    2g
 Perancangan Peralatan ESP (6)

Vd2
TDH  Z  Z s  
2.31Pwh
Hf   He
f 2g

Jika (Z - Zs) = tinggi permukaan fluida diukur dari permukaan

Vd = lebih kecil dari 10 ft/sec - diabaikan

He = dapat diabaikan

2.31Pwh
TDH  Z fl  Hf
f
 Perancangan Peralatan ESP (7)
 Horsepower Motor
 Hydraulic Horsepower (HHP)

Q(TDH ) f
HHP 
C
Q = laju produksi, bbl/d
C = 135770
 Brake Horsepower (BHP)

HHP HHP
BHP  
 Effpump Efft
= 55 - 75% Eff pumpEffmotorEffcable
 Effmotor = 85%
 Effcable = 90 – 95%
 Perancangan Peralatan ESP (7)

Tabel dan Grafik Yang diperlukan:

 Spesifikasi Pompa (Tabel 3, dan 4, hal. 69-70)
 Grafik Performance Pompa
 Grafik Friction Loss (Gambar 20 dan 21)
 Grafik Voltage Drop (Gambar 22)
 Spesifikasi Motor (Tabel 5 dan 6, hal. 71-72)
 Transformer (Tabel 7 hal. 73)
 Switchboards (Tabel 8, hal.74)
 Kasus Perancangan ESP

 Perancangan Normal
 Laju produksi yang diharapkan tertentu

 Pilih Pompa, Motor, dst

 Perancangan berdasarkan ketersediaan ESP di

Gudang
 Perancangan untuk fluida berviscositas tinggi
 Dan lain-lain