CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

MATHEMATICS
KI 1201

Chemical Engineering Program

Department of Industrial and Process Technology
Rancangan Pembelajaran
 Mata Kuliah : Matematika Teknik Kimia I
 Kode / SKS : KI 1201 / 3 SKS
 Tujuan : Agar mahasiswa mampu membuat formulasi
dari persoalan – persoalan teknik kimia ke
dalam bentuk model matematika dan
menyelesaikaannya dengan metode analitis
 Pustaka : Rice, R. G., and Do, D. D. (1995), Applied
Mathematics and Modelling for Chemical
Engineers, John Wiley & Sons, New York
Mickley, H. S., Sherwood, T. K., and Reed, C.
(1984), Applied Mathematics in Chemical
Engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York

Institut Teknologi Kalimantan

Rancangan Pembelajaran
 Materi Pokok : - Formulasi model matematika pada persoalan
teknik kimia
- Teknik penyelesaian persamaan diferensial
biasa (Ordinary Differential Equations)

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Rancangan Pembelajaran
 Penilaian
No. Jenis Penilaian Bobot Penilaian
1 Tugas Kelas 30 %
2 Quiz 1 10%
3 Quiz 2 10%
4 Evaluasi Tengah Semester 20 %
5 Evaluasi Akhir Semester 20 %
6 Kehadiran 10 %

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The Idea of A Model
Real World Mathematical Mathematical
Problem Problem Solution

Interpretation

 Reality to mathematics
 Mathematical problem
 Mathematical solutions
 Interpreting the model outputs
 Using the result in the real world

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Mathematical Models
 Lump Parameter Models
The uniformity of parameter values in the system

T, C uniform

 Distributed Parameter Models

The variability of variable/parameter values in the system and usually called
Transport Phenomena models.

The boundary conditions of the system must be considered more specifically

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Model Building Steps
 Build a sketch and define quantities
CA0
Xin Xout

CA L

 Selection of variables

A batch reactor
dC dn
r or  rV
dt dt

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Model Building Steps
 Write balances and constitutive relations
A batch reactor
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴 𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠𝑖
A B −𝑟𝐴 = 𝑘𝐶𝐴 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑢

Accumulation = Input – Output + Generation - Consumption

𝑑
𝑉𝐶𝐴 = 0 − 0 + 0 − −𝑟𝐴 𝑉
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐶𝐴
= 𝑟𝐴
𝑑𝑡

 Solve this mathematical model using initial and boundary

conditions

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Example......
 A tank contains 2 m3 of water. A stream of brine containing 20 kg/m3 of salt
is fed into the tank at a rate of 0,02 m3/sec. Liquid flow from the tank at a
rate of 0,01 m3/sec. If the tank is well agitated what is the salt concentration
in the tank, when the tank contains 4 m3 of brine.

Illustration Initial Conditions :

20 kg/m3 of salt t=0
C=0
0,02 m3/sec
V = 2 m3

0,01 m3/sec
C

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Example......
 Ans.
Total input – output + generation – consumption = accumulation
𝑑
𝜌𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝜌𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝜌𝑉 𝑑𝑉 = 0,01 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉
𝜌𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝜌𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 =𝜌
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉
𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉
0,02 − 0,01 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉
0,01 =
𝑑𝑡

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Example......
 Ans.
Salt input – output + generation – consumption = accumulation

𝑑 𝑑𝐶
𝐶𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝐶𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝐶𝑉 0,01𝑡 + 2 = 0,4 − 0,02𝐶
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
20. 0,02 − 0,01. 𝐶 = 𝐶𝑉
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
0,4 − 0,01. 𝐶 = 𝐶𝑉 𝑑𝐶 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
=
0,4 − 0,02𝐶 0,01𝑡 + 2
𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝐶
0,4 − 0,01. 𝐶 = 𝐶 +𝑉
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
from water mass balance

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 Example......
 Two tanks each contains 100 liters salt solution (20 gr/lt). A stream of water
is fed into the first tank at a rate of 5 lt/min. The liquid flows from the tank
to the second tank at a rate of 8 lt/min. The output of second tank is 8 lt/min
of brine where part of it (3 lt/min) is directed to the first tank and the
balance flows to some points out of the system. Determine the salt
concentration in both of tank as a function of time. Assume ρ is constant in
all streams.
Illustration 3 lt/min Initial Conditions :
5 lt/min
t=0
C10 = 20 gr/lt
8 lt/min C20 = 20 gr/lt

5 lt/min

Tank I Tank II

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Example......
 Tank I
input – output + generation – consumption = accumulation
Total Salt
𝑑 𝑑
𝜌𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝜌𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝜌𝑉1 𝐶𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝐶𝑉
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 1 1
𝑑𝑉1 𝑑
𝜌𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝜌𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 =𝜌 5. 0 + 3. 𝐶2 − 8. 𝐶1 = 𝐶𝑉
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 1 1
𝑑𝑉1
𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑑𝑉1 𝑑𝐶1
𝑑𝑡 3𝐶2 − 8𝐶1 = 𝐶1 + 𝑉1
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉1
3+5−8= 𝑑𝐶1
𝑑𝑡 100 = 3𝐶2 − 8𝐶1
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉1
=0 V1 constant
𝑑𝑡

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Example......
 Tank II
input – output + generation – consumption = accumulation
Total Salt
𝑑 𝑑
𝜌𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝜌𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝜌𝑉2 𝐶𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝐶2 𝑉2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉2 𝑑
𝜌𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝜌𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝜌 8. 𝐶1 − 8. 𝐶2 = 𝐶2 𝑉2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉2 𝑑𝑉2 𝑑𝐶2
𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 8𝐶1 − 8𝐶2 = 𝐶2 + 𝑉2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉2
8−8= 𝑑𝐶2
𝑑𝑡 100 = 8𝐶1 − 8𝐶2
𝑑𝑉2 𝑑𝑡
=0 V2 constant
𝑑𝑡

Institut Teknologi Kalimantan

Exercise 1
 A tank contains 100 ft3 of fresh water. 2 ft3 of brine having a concentration of
1 pcf (lb/ft3) of salt, is run into the tank per minute. And, the mixture kept
uniform by mixing, runs out at the rate of 1 ft3/min. What will be the exit
brine concentration when the tank contains 150 ft3 of brine.

Illustration Initial Condition :

t=0
2 ft3/min
C=0
1 lb/ft3
V = 100 ft3

1 ft3/min

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Exercise 2
 Two stream of salt solutions is introduced to a mixing tank that initially
contains 2 m3 of pure water and 1 %wt of salt. First stream (A) contains 20
kg/sec of salt solution with 8 %wt of salt and the other stream (B) contains
13 %wt of salt with 12 kg/sec of flow rate. The output of this mixing tank (D)
is salt solution with concentration of C and 28 kg/sec of flow rate. Derive
the equation of output concentration (C) as time function? (ρwater = 1 kg/m3)
Illustration Initial Condition :
t=0
A B
C = 1 %wt
V = 2 m3

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Assignment
 Three tanks of 25 m3 capacity are each arranged so that when water is fed
into the first, an equal quantity of solution overflows from the first to the
second tank, likewise from the second to the third, and from the third to
some point out of the system. Agitators keep the contents of each tank
uniform in concentration. To start, let each of the tank be full of a salt
solution of concentration 100 kg/m3. Run water into the first tank at 0,2
m3/min, and let the overflows functions as described above. Calculate the
time required to reduce the salt concentration in the first tank to 10 kg/m3.
Calculate the concentrations in the other two tanks at this time.

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