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Analysis
Introduction of PHA
(1) What is preliminary hazard analysis?
Hazardous components
Safety related interfaces between various system
elements,
including software
Environmental constraints including operating
environments
Operating, test, maintenance, built-in-tests,
diagnostics, and emergency procedures
(3) PHA scope
1. PHA prerequisites
2. Hazard identification
3. Consequence and frequency estimation
4. Risk ranking and follow-up actions
4.2.1 PHA prerequisites
1). Establish PHA team
2). Define and describe the system to be analyzed
(a) System boundaries (which parts should be included and which
should not)
(b) System description; including layout drawings, process flow
diagrams, block diagrams, and so on
(c) Use and storage of energy and hazardous materials in the
system
(d) Operational and environmental conditions to be considered
(e) Systems for detection and control of hazards and accidental
events, emergency systems, and mitigation actions
3. Collect risk information from previous and similar systems
(1) PHA team
A typical PHA team may consist of:
A team leader (facilitator) with competence and
experience in the method to be used
A secretary who will report the results
Team members (2-6 persons) who can provide
necessary knowledge and experience on the system
being analyzed
Hazard: Accident
Potential Major Severity* Corrective or Preventive
Accident Cause Effects Category Measures Suggested
Fuel oil: spill Ship motion Release of fuel 2 Consider installing mooring tension
away from the oil into the meters with alarms to indicate ship
transfer terminal waterway, motion during bunkering
during bunkering resulting in
significant
environmental
impact
* See page 14-11 for the definition of these accident severity categories.
4.2.2 Hazard identification
Accident reports/databases
Accident statistics
Near miss/ dangerous occurrence reports
Reports from authorities or governmental bodies
Expert judgement
(5) Frequency and consequence estimation
Safety Environmental
Severity Impact Impact Economic Impact Mission Impact
Major One or more deaths or Releases that result in ³ $3M ³ $3M
(1) permanent disability long-term disruption of
the ecosystem or long-
term exposure to
chronic health risks
Moderate Injury that requires Releases that result in ³ $10K and ³ $10K and
(2) hospitalization or lost short-term disruption of <$3M <$3M
work days the ecosystem
Minor Injury that requires first Pollution with minimal ³ $100 and ³ $100 and
(3) aid acute environmental or <$10K <$10K
public health impact
* Losses in these categories result from both immediate and long-term effects (e.g., considering both acute
and chronic effects when evaluating safety and health).
(8) Frequency estimation
1. Overpressure
2. Underpressure
3. Over-temperature
4. Under-temperature
(5) Hazards generated by radiation