Fire Awareness

What is fire?

Fire is a result of a chain reaction of three elements:

1. Heat
2. Fuel
3. Oxygen
These three elements are usually called Tetrahedron
and it is represented by a triangle.
Fuels
Where can fire start? (Mostly)
Some causes of fire
Some causes of fire
How to detect fire?
The success of fire fighting depends on
 Classes of fire
We have
• Class A fire
• Class B fire
• Class C fire
• Class D fire
• Class E fire
• Class F or K fire
Classes of fire

• "Class A fire" means a fire involving

ordinary combustible materials such as
paper, wood, cloth, and some rubber and
plastic materials.
Classes of fire

• "Class B fire" means a fire involving

flammable or combustible liquids like
petroleum products, paints, oil.
Classes of fire

• "Class C fire" means a fire involving

flammable gases like LPG, CNG,
Hydrogen, Acetylenes.
Classes of fire

• "Class D fire" means a fire involving

combustible metals such as magnesium,
titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium and
potassium.
Classes of fire
• "Class E fire" means a fire involving
energized electrical equipment where safety
to the employee requires the use of
electrically nonconductive extinguishing
media.
Classes of fire
• "Class K (or F) Fires " means a fire
involving Cooking Oils and Fats.
Classes of fire (Summary)
Methods of extinguishing fire
All of these methods consist of

Or
Mainly fire extinguishers are
made of
 Fire Extinguisher Labeling
• Labeling on the fire extinguisher identifies
which class of fire it is appropriate for;
Class A,B,C,D or K and instructions on how
to use it.
 Fire Extinguisher Labeling
• Example
Fire Extinguishers
• Water type : Removes heat (Cooling). Only
for class A fire.
• Form type : Cutting of Oxygen
(Smothering/Blanketing + Cooling). Only for
class A, B fire.
• CO2 type : Displace Oxygen (Smothering).
Only for class B,C,E fire.
• Dry Chemical type : Cutting of Oxygen
(Smothering). Only for class A,B,C,E fire.
Some can be used for class D too.
Use a Fire Extinguisher When:
• The fire is contained and not spreading
• The extinguisher is readily available
• You know how to use it properly
• Personal safety is not compromised
• There is a clear path for escape
How to use fire extinguisher
Use the acronym PASS to remember how to
use a fire extinguisher.
• P–Pull
• A–Aim
• S–Squeeze
• S–Sweep
Use Fire Extinguisher
SUMMARY

• Remember the following…

• Actions to take when a fire is
discovered….The Three A’s (Activate,
Assist, Attempt)
• When to use a fire extinguisher?
• How to use a fire extinguisher….
P.A.S.S.(Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep)
Extinguisher Rating
• Numerical rating given to Class A and B
extinguishers which indicate how large a fire
an experienced person can put out with the
extinguisher
• Ratings are based on tests conducted at
Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc.
– Class A: 1-A, 2-A, . . . 40-A
– Class B: 1-B, 2-B, . . . 640-B
• A 4-A extinguisher, for example, should
extinguish about twice as much fire as a 2-A
extinguisher
Portable Fire Extinguishers

– Extinguishers shall be distributed so that

maximum travel distances apply:

In general a fire extinguisher should be in 15

meters from any user.
Useful number to call in case of fire

• 111: Fire brigade

• 112: Emergency
• 113: Traffic accident
THANK YOU!