Chapter 10 Sudah Edit

Discovering
Computers 2011
Living in a Digital World
Objectives Overview
Describe characteristics
Discuss the functions
of relational, object-
common to most
oriented, and
database management
multidimensional
systems
databases
Identify database design

guidelines and discuss
Explain how to access
the responsibilities of
Web databases
database analysts and
administrators
See Page 513 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 2
for Detailed Objectives Chapter 10
Databases, Data, and Information
Database Data Information
• Collection of • Collection of • Processed data

data organized unprocessed • Documents
in a manner items • Audio
that allows • Text • Images
access, • Numbers
retrieval, and • Video
• Images
use of that
data • Audio
• Video
Page 514 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 3

Chapter 10
The Hierarchy of Data
• A character is one byte

– Numbers, letters, space,
punctuation marks, or
other symbols
• A field is a combination
of one or more related
characters
– Field name
– Field size
– Data type

Figure 10-3 Chapter 10
• Common data types include:
Text Numeric AutoNumber Currency
Date Memo Yes/No Hyperlink
Object Attachment

Chapter 10
• A record is a group of related fields

– A primary key uniquely identifies each record
• A data file is a collection of related records

Maintaining Data
• File maintenance refers to the procedures that

keep data current
Adding Modifying
records records
Deleting
records
Chapter 10
Maintaining Data
• Users add new records to a file when they obtain

new data

Maintaining Data
• Users modify a record to correct inaccurate data

or update old data

Maintaining Data
• When a record no longer is needed, a user deletes

it from a file

Maintaining Data
• Validation compares data with a set of rules or

values to find out if the data is correct
Alphabetic/Numeric
Range check Consistency check
check
Completeness check Check digit Other checks
Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Data Validation
below Chapter 10
Pages 522 - 524 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 11
Chapter 10
File Processing Versus Databases
File processing system Database approach
• Each department has its • Programs and users share

own set of files data
• Used for many years • Reduce data redundancy
• Have data redundancy • Improve data integrity
• Isolate data • Share data
• Allows easier access
• Reduces development time
• Can be more vulnerable

Chapter 10
File Processing Versus Databases

Database Management Systems

then click MySQL
below Chapter 10
• A data dictionary contains data about each file in

the database and each field in those files
Pages 527 – 528 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 15

• A DBMS provides several tools that allow users

and programs to retrieve and maintain data in the
database Query language
Query by example
Form
Report generator

Chapter 10
• A query language consists of simple, English-like

statements that allow users to specify the data to
display, print, or store
• Query by example (QBE) provides a GUI to assist
users with retrieving data

Chapter 10

A DBMS provides means to

ensure that only authorized users
access data at permitted times
• Access privileges
• Principle of least privilege
Chapter 10
• A DMBS provides a variety of techniques to

restore the database to a usable form in case it is
damaged or destroyed
Backup Log
Recovery Continuous
utility backup
Chapter 10

Relational, Object-Oriented, and
Multidimensional Databases
• A data model consists of rules and standards that
define how the database organizes data

• A relational database
stores data in tables
that consist of rows and
columns
– Each row has a primary
key
– Each column has a
unique name
• A relationship is a link
within the data

• Structured Query Language (SQL) is a query
language that allows users to manage, update,
and retrieve data

then click SQL
below Chapter 10

• A multidimensional database can store data in more
than two dimensions of data
– Sometimes known as a hypercube
– Can consolidate data much faster than a relational database
• A data warehouse is a huge database that stores and
manages the data required to analyze historical and
current transactions

then click Data Warehouses
below Chapter 10
Chapter 10
Web Databases
• Databases on the Web allow you to:
Shop for
products or Buy or sell stocks Search for a job
services
Make airline Register for Check semester

reservations college classes grades

Chapter 10
Web Databases

Video: How a Photo Sharing Site
Keeps Its Data
CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 29

Chapter 10
Database Administration
• It is important to have a carefully designed

database

then click Database Design
Guidelines below Chapter 10
Database analysts and administrators are responsible

for managing and coordinating all database activities
Database Administrator (DBA)
Database Analyst (DA)
Creates and maintains the data
Decides on proper field
dictionary, manages security,
placement, defines data
monitors performance, and
relationship, and identifies users’
checks backup and recovery
access privileges
procedures

then click Database
Administrators below
Chapter 10
Chapter 10
• Employees should learn

how to use the data in
the database effectively
– Interact with database
– Identify new data for the
database
– Maintain the database

Summary
How data and

Methods for Assessing the
information are
maintaining high- quality of valuable
valuable assets to
quality data information
an organization
Advantages of Roles of the

Various types of
organizing data in database analysts
databases
a database and administrators

Chapter 10

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Discovering

Identify database design

Database Data Information

• Collection of • Collection of • Processed data

Page 514 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 3

• A character is one byte

Page 518 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 4

• Common data types include:

Text Numeric AutoNumber Currency

Date Memo Yes/No Hyperlink

Page 518 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 5

• A record is a group of related fields

Page 519 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 6

• File maintenance refers to the procedures that

• Users add new records to a file when they obtain

Page 520 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 8

• Users modify a record to correct inaccurate data

Page 521 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 9

• When a record no longer is needed, a user deletes

Page 522 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 10

• Validation compares data with a set of rules or

Completeness check Check digit Other checks

Click to view Web Link,

File processing system Database approach

• Each department has its • Programs and users share

Pages 524 - 526 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 12

Page 525 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 13

Click to view Web Link,

• A data dictionary contains data about each file in

Pages 527 – 528 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 15

• A DBMS provides several tools that allow users

Page 528 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 16

• A query language consists of simple, English-like

Page 528 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 17

Page 529 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 18

A DBMS provides means to

• A DMBS provides a variety of techniques to

Page 532 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 21

Page 533 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 22

Page 533 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 23

Click to view Web Link,

Page 535 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 25

Click to view Web Link,

• Databases on the Web allow you to:

Make airline Register for Check semester

Page 536 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 27

Page 536 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 28

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 29

• It is important to have a carefully designed

Click to view Web Link,

Database analysts and administrators are responsible

Click to view Web Link,

• Employees should learn

Page 538 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 32

How data and

Advantages of Roles of the

Page 539 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 33

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