C O R R E L AT I O N A L

RESEARCH

By
M. Rivanda Debi

1:42 PM
 Consideration for Interpreting
Use of Correlational Research
C O R R E L AT I O N A L a Correlation Coefficient

Design of Correlational Studies RESEARCH Factor Analysis

Other Complex Correlational

Correlation Coefficients
Procedure
Use of Correlational Research

ASSESSING RELATIONSHIP

ASSESSING CONSISTENCY

PREDICTION
Use
Design
of Correlational
of Correlational
Research
Studies

• Researcher asksRELATIONSHIP
ASSESSING about the relationship between
two variables
• Selection of Instrument
ASSESSING CONSISTENCY
• Random sample is selected from population
• The research collect s the data, construct a
PREDICTION
scatterplot and assign a coefficient of relation
Correlation
Design of Correlational
Coefficient Studies

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS PEARSON r

COEFFICIENTS OF DETERMINATION

SPEARMAN RHO (ρ)

PHI COEFFICIENTS (ϕ)

Correlation
Design of Correlational
Coefficient Studies
The Pearson r is our coefficient
correlation. We foundCOEFFICIENTS
CORRELATION this by taking
PEARSON r σ 𝑧𝑥 𝑧𝑦
the sum of our z-scores and dividing
r=
𝑁
by the number of participants
COEFFICIENTS OF DETERMINATION
We also look at scatterplots to determine a linear, not
curvilinear relationship
SPEARMAN RHO (ρ)

PHI COEFFICIENTS (ϕ)

 COEFFICIENTS OF DETERMINATION

- The person r does not tell us the percentage of relationship

- When we square the Pearson r, we get the coefficient of determination
and this tells us how much of the variance in Y is in common with the
variance X
For example:
If the two variables were caffeine and reaction time are considered
with a correlation of +.60, we square that to get a coefficient of
determination of 36 percent.

- This meant the amount of coffee one has consumed would associated
with 36 percent of the variance in one’s reaction time. It also means there
is still 64 percent of the variance contributable to other factors
 SPEARMAN RHO (ρ)

- If the scatterplot shows a non-linear relationship, one cannot use the

person r, but rather the Spearman rho

- This involved ranking the assessment results first to form a linear

relationship and then performing the Pearson r statistical analysis

PHI COEFFICIENTS (ϕ)

- If both variables are dichotomies, one would use the phi coefficient
End of the slides…
Any questions, critics and suggestions
are welcomed.