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Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams,

Hypnosis, and Drugs


Chapter 4
Ciccarelli and White
Introductory Psychology Spring 2014
What is Consciousness
• Content Consciousness vs Phenomenal
Consciousness
• A person’s awareness of everything that is
going on around him/her at any given
moment, which is used to organize behavior
• Waking Consciousness
• Altered Consciousness
• Trance Dancing video
Theme/Process Description
Universal ability Anyone can achieve AC through movement
Movement as efficient route Movement was equal to or better than other methods for achieving AC

Chemical substances Substances seem as less desirable tool for inducing AC (3 participants stated substances were equal to other tools
for inducing AC)

Active observer Active part of consciousness observing the experience


Focus 1) Direction of focus, 2) active/passive, 3) self/others
Universal connectedness Connection to others, to the earth, or to a universal whole
Super-consciousness Mindful presence that leads to feelings of expanded consciousness and heightened simultaneous awareness

Energy Increased physical energy such that participants did not feel fatigued which seemed to be a component of an
electromagnetic field or spiritual component through which participants felt connected to others

Transcending the ego Overcoming the tendency to make judgments, giving up a sense of external control, and allowing oneself to feel
vulnerable enough to proceed to the super-consciousness

Increased self attributes Increased self-worth, confidence, self-esteem


Increased acceptance Less judgmental of self and others
Transformation of the self A self-concept that was somewhat spiritual and was not confined by physical reality

Elevation Participants felt lifted


Freedom Freedom related to overcoming judging mind
Well-being Enhanced mental, physical, emotional health
Spiritual experience The expressing of the energy discussed earlier; connecting to something larger than the transformed self

Search for truth/reality ACIM as a way to find the meaning of existence


Changed body relationship New physical abilities, more energy, changed body chemistry, elevation

Ecstatic emotional experience Feelings of joy, love, happiness


Community Felt in community with other dancers
language Movement served to communicate with others
Altered State: Sleep
• Circadian Rhythm
• Role of the Hypothalamus
• Sleep Deprivation
• Adaptive Theory of Sleep
• Restorative Theory of Sleep
Stages of Sleep
• REM and Non-REM sleep
• Beta Waves
• Alpha Waves
• Theta Waves
• Stage 1: Light Sleep: theta waves
• Stage 2: spindles
• Stage 3: Deep Sleep: Delta and Theta Waves
• Stage 4 : Deep Sleep: Delta Waves
• REM Sleep
Sleep Disorders
• Nightmares
• REM Behavior Disorder
• Stage 4 Sleep Disorders
• Night Terrors
• Insomnia
• Sleep Apnea
• Narcolepsy
Dreams
• Freud
• Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis
• Activation-information mode model
• What do people dream about
Hypnosis
• What is Hypnosis
• Fact or Myth
• Theories of Hypnosis
Psychoactive Drugs
• Physical Dependence
• Psychological Dependence
• Stimulants
• Depressants
• Narcotics
• Hallucinogens
• Marijuana
Stimulants
• Amphetamines
• Cocaine
• Nicotine
– Ad
• Caffeine
Depressants
• Barbiturates
• Benzodiazepines
Alcohol
• Alcohol Abuse
• Korsakoff’s syndrome
• Fetal alcohol syndrome
• What constitutes a drink
Narcotics
• Opium
• Morphine
• Heroin
Hallucinogens
• LSD
• PCP
• MDMA
• Mescaline
• Psilocybin
Marijuana
• Cannabis Sativa
• Hashish
• Cannabinoid

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