1-ø Full Converter

• A full converter produces two load current pulses during

one cycle of supply voltage.

• A half wave converter produces only one current pulse

during one cycle of supply voltage.

• Hence the Average output voltage of full converter

is more than the half wave converter.

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vs vs

Wt Wt
o π 2π o π 2π

v0 v0

Wt
o α π π +α 2π o α π 2π
Full wave conversion Half wave conversion

Difference between Full wave conversion and Half wave conversion.

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 Types of a 1-ø Full Converter

• Uncontrolled converter.

• Half controlled converter.

• Fully controlled converter.

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 Uncontrolled Full Wave Converter

• It converts Constant AC supply into Constant DC output

voltage.

• The level of DC output voltage can not be controlled.

• It uses diodes only and no need of Thyristors

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 Single Phase Uncontrolled Converter
i0

D1 D3
L

~
O V0
VS= Vm sin wt
A
D

D4 D2

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vs
Supply voltage source

o π 2π Wt

v0

Average voltage Vo = constant

o π 2π Wt

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 Half Controlled Full Wave Converter
• It converts constant DC input supply voltage into

limited range of controlled DC output voltage.

• The range of DC output voltage control is from

0 to 2Vm /.

• It uses diodes and Thyristors

• It is also called as Semiconveter

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 Half Controlled Full Wave Converter

i0

T1 T2
L

~
O V0
VS= Vm sin wt
A
D

D1 D2

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vs

o α π α 2π
ωt

v0

o α π π +α 2π ωt

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 Operation of 1-ø FWFC Converter

i0

T1 T3

R
VS= Vm sin wt
~ V0

T4 T2
During Positive Half Cycle of Supply Source

• T1 and T2 are forward biased

T3 and T4 are reverse biased.

• T1 and T2 will be triggered when firing

pulses applied at a given value of firing
angle α.

• T1 and T2 acts as short circuit .

• T3 and T4 acts as open circuit .

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During Positive Half Cycle of Supply Source contd..

• Hence the current flows through T1 ,load and T2 .

• The supply voltage appears across resistive load
called output voltage Vo.
• At ωt = , as source voltage is zero as becoming
negative, T1 and T2 are reverse biased.
•T1 and T2 will be turned OFF by Natural
commutation.

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 During Positive Half Cycle of Supply Source

i0

O T1 O T3
O CLOSE O OPEN

+
R
VS= Vm sin wt
~
_
V0

O O
T4 O
T2
O OPEN CLOSE

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 During Negative Half Cycle of
Supply Source
• Thyristors T3 and T4 are forward biased,
T1 and T2 are reverse biased.

• T3 and T4 will be triggered when firing

pulses applied at ω t = Π + α .

• T1 and T2 acts as open circuit,

T3 and T4 acts as short circuit .

• Hence the current flows through T3 , load and T4

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During Negative Half Cycle of Supply Source contd..

•The supply voltage appears across resistive load called

output voltage Vo.
•At ωt = 2Π, as source voltage is zero and becoming positive,
T3 and T4 are reverse biased .
• T3 and T4 will be turned-OFF by Natural commutation.
•The same operation will be repeated for subsequent cycles
of supply source Vs .

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 i0

O T1 O T3
O OPEN O CLOSE

VS= Vm sin wt
~
+
R V0

O O
T4 O
T2
O CLOSE OPEN

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Full Wave Fully Controlled Converter contd..

It is observed that

•The load current i0 is unidirectional for both half

cycles of supply.

•The output voltage v0 is also unidirectional (d.c.).

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17
vS
Supply source
0 Π 2Π 3Π 4Π 5Π
ωt

Ig
T1T2 T3T4 T1T2 T3T4 T1T2
α α α α α Firing pulses

0 α Π+α 2Π+ α 3Π+α 4Π+α ωt

v0
α T1T2 T3T4 T1T2 T3T4 T1T2 Output voltage
0 Π Π+α 2Π 2Π+α 3Π 3Π+α 4Π 4Π+α 5Π ωt

i0
α T1T2 T3T4 T1T2 T3T4 T1T2 Load current
Π Π+α 2Π 2Π+α 3Π 3Π+α 4Π 4Π+α 5Π
0 ωt
Fig.11 The input and output waveforms
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Full Wave Fully Controlled Converter contd..

Average output voltage

From the wave form of output voltage, the Average
value is given by
2Π
V0 = (1/2Π ) α∫ vs d(ωt)
Π
OR V0 = (1/Π) α∫ vs d (ωt)

Π
= (1/Π )α∫ Vm sin ωt d(ωt)

Π
= (Vm /Π ) [-cos ωt ]α

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 Full Wave Fully Controlled Converter contd..
V0 = ( Vm /Π ) [1+ cos α ]

α 00 /2 

V0 2Vm /  Vm /  0

It is observed that as the firing angle α increases, the output voltage v0 decreases

Average Load Current

I0 = V0 /R

= ( Vm /ΠR ) [1+cos α ]

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