Names of group 1.Nasra Mohamed 0mer 2.Ilyaas daahir caiman Chapter 3 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction What are attitudes? - Attitudes are evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events. – Cognitive component of an attitude is the opinion or belief segment of an attitude. – Affective component is the emotion or feeling segment of an attitude. – Behavioral component of an attitude is an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something. Cognitive Dissonance Theory - - any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes Our desire to reduce dissonance depends upon: · Importance of elements creating dissonance · Degree of individual influence over elements · Rewards involved in dissonance Conti……… Note: People seek consistency among their attitudes and seek to reconcile divergent attitudes and behavior so they appear to be rational and consistent. Measuring the A-B relationship Recent research indicates that attitudes (A) significantly predict behaviors (B) when moderating variables are taken into account. Moderating Variables include: · Importance of the attitude · Specificity of the attitude · Accessibility of the attitude · Social pressures on the individual · Direct experience with the attitude An Application: Attitude surveys - A way to capture attitude data via questionnaires about various workplace factors (job, work groups, supervisors and the organization) Attitudes and Diversity - A growing field of study and important in all organizations today. Understanding and changing attitudes about others is important for managers and organizations. Most companies are now training employees re: attitudes about diversity. - Training activities: Participating in diversity training that provides for self-evaluation and group discussions - Volunteer work in community and social service centers with individuals of diverse backgrounds Conti……. Self-perception theory” = when you use attitudes after the fact to make sense out of an action that has ALREADY occurred. Types of Attitudes 1) Job Satisfaction – A collection of positive and/or negative feelings that an individual holds towards his or her job. 2) Job Involvement – Identifying with the job, actively participating in it, and considering performance important to self-worth. 3) Organizational Commitment – Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, and wishing to maintain membership in the organization – Affective, normative, and continuance commitment – Note: what are these? Why are they different? Please be sure you know J 4) Perceived Organizational Support – Degree to which employees feel the organization cares about their well-being. 5) Employee Engagement – An individual’s involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the organization. Job Satisfaction How can we measure it? – Single global rating – Summation score · So…..how satisfied are people in their jobs? · Which facets seem to be causing dissatisfaction? How Can Employee Express Dissatisfaction? Exit – Behavior directed towards leaving the organization Neglect – Allowing conditions to worsen Voice – Active and constructive attempts to improve conditions Loyalty – Passively waiting for conditions to improve