MPF-05

MPF Command
Relationships

Capt Erin Berard, USMC

Expeditionary Warfare Training Group, Pacific
USMC Expeditionary Logistics Branch, N571
DSN 577-2606, Commercial (619) 437-2606
erin.berard@navy.mil
 Overview
• Unified command structures
• Command relationships
• MPF Command and Control
• Command and control of MPF
operation by phases

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Lesson Purpose
• To provide the
student with the
information
concerning MPF
command
relationships by
phase and type of
relationship

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 References
• Joint Pub 0-2, Unified Action Armed
Forces (UNAAF)
• Joint Pub 3-0, Doctrine for Joint
Operations
• Joint Pub 3-02, Joint Doctrine for
Amphibious Operations
• MCWP 3-32/NWP 3-02.3, Maritime
Prepositioning Force (MPF) Operations
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 Unified Command
Structures
• Former National
Command Authority
(NCA)

• Military Departments
and Services

• Unified Commands

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 Former NCA
• President and the Secretary of Defense
– Exercise authority and control of the Armed
Forces

– By law, the President is the only one

granted authority to deploy forces and
execute military operations

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 What does that mean for
MPF?
• Decide to deploy the MPF

• Authorizes the employment of MPF

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 Chains of Command
PRESIDENT
Former
NCA SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

SECRETARIES OF THE
Commanders of Unified
MILITARY DEPARTMENTS
Commands

CHIEFS OF THE SERVICES

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 Military Departments and
Services
President

Secretary of Defense

Secretary Secretary Secretary

of the Army of the Navy of the Air Force

Chief of Staff Chief of Commandant Chief of Staff

of the Army Naval of the of the Air Force
Operations Marine Corps
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 Military Departments
• Exercise authority, direction, and control of
their forces that are not specifically
assigned to Unified Commanders
– Admin Control: organize, equip, train, support

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 Combatant Commands
PRES/
SECDEF

US US US US US
NORTHERN CENTRAL EUROPEAN PACIFIC SOUTHERN
COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND

US US US US SPECIAL
JOINT FORCES STRATEGIC TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS
COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND
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 Combatant Commands
PRES/
SECDEF

US US US US US US
NORTHERN CENTRAL EUROPEAN PACIFIC SOUTHERN AFRICA
COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND

US US US US SPECIAL
JOINT FORCES STRATEGIC TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS
COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND
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 Geographic Combatant
Commands
• US Northern Command

• US Central Command

• US European Command

• US Southern Command

• US Pacific Command

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 Geographic Combatant
Commanders
• US Northern Command
– General Gene Renaurt, USAF
• US Central Command
– LtGen Martin E. Dempsey USA
• (Acting)
• US European Command
– General Bantz J. Craddock, USA
• US Southern Command
– Admiral James G. Stavridis, USN
• US Pacific Command
– Admiral Timothy J. Keating, USN

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 Geographic Combatant
Command AORs

SOUTHERN EUROPEAN
FLORIDA GERMANY
NORTHERN CENTRAL FLORIDA
COLORADO MPF-05 PACIFIC HAWAII 15
 Functional Combatant
Commands
• US Joint Forces Command

• US Strategic Command

• US Transportation Command

• US Special Operations Command

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 Functional Combatant
Commands
• US Joint Forces Command
– General James N. Mattis USMC
• US Strategic Command
– General Kevin P. Chilton USAF
• US Transportation Command
– General Norton A. Schwartz, USAF
• US Special Operations Command
– Admiral Eric Olson, USN

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 Functional Combatant
Commander
US TRANSPORTATION
COMMAND
(Illinois)
US STRATEGIC
COMMAND
(Nebraska)
US JOINT FORCES
COMMAND
(Virginia)

US SPECIAL
OPERATIONS COMMAND
(Florida)

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 US Transportation
Command
U S T ra n s p o r t a t io n
C om m and
G E N N . S c h w a rtz , U S A F

S u r f a c e D e p lo y m e n t A ir M o b ilit y M ilit a r y S e a lift

& D is t rib u t io n C o m m a n d (A M C ) C O m m a n d (M S C )
C o m m a n d (S D D C ) G E N D . J. M cN abb, U S AF R A D M R . D . R e illy , J r . , U S N
M G N K . M . G a in e y , U S A

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 Combatant Commander
• Carries out operational direction of the
military
• Supported vs. Supporting Combatant
Commander
– Request the employment of MPF
– Exercise COCOM or OPCON of MPF
– Issue ROE in respective AOR
– Allocated resources to support the MPF
– Provide overall security/force protection of
MPF forces MPF-05 20
 Review
President/SECDEF

Unified Military
Commanders Department

Operational Administrati
on

MPF FORCES
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 Command Structures
• Four authorized command structures
– Service Components
– Functional Components
– Subordinate Unified Commands
– Joint Task Forces (JTF)

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 Command and Control (C2)
Pres/
Unified SecDef

Command
Structure
COMBATANT MILITARY
COMMANDERS DEPARTMENTS

JOINT SERVICE FUNCTIONAL SUBORDINATE

TASK COMPONENT COMPONENT UNIFIED
FORCES COMMANDS COMMANDS COMMANDS

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 Service Components
• Will be established by the Combatant
Commander
• Provide administrative and logistical
support
• May conduct operations through
– Advantages: clear and uncomplicated
command lines

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 Service Component
Commanders
• Responsibilities include
– Making recommendations to unified
commander on the proper employment of
service component
– Accomplishing operational mission
– Selecting specific unit to fulfill mission
– Service specific functions

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 Service Components
Combatant
Command

Army Navy Marine Air Force

Service Service Service Service
Component Component Component Component

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 Service Components
Joint Forces
Command

Army Navy
US Marine Air Force
Service Service
FLTFORCES Service Service
Component Component
Command Component Component

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 Service Components
Joint Forces
Command

Army Navy Marine Air Force

Service Service Service
MARFORCOM Service
Component Component Component Component

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 Commanders, MARFOR
• MARFOR-COM, PAC, RES
• Service Component Commander to the
JFC
• Responsibilities
– Train and Support the MEFs
– Recommend employment of Marine Forces
– Coordinate Planning
– Coordinate with Commander,
USTRANSCOM
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 Fleet Commander or
Commander Naval Forces
• Recommends Fleet Employment Options to the
JFC

• Broken down into Type Commanders (TYCOMs):

– Commander, Naval Surface Forces
– Commander, Naval Air Forces
– Commander Military Sealift Command
– Commander Naval Construction Force
– Commander Fleet Hospital
– Commander, Naval Expeditionary Logistics Support
force MPF-05 30
 Functional Components
Combatant
Command

Land Air Maritime Special Ops

Component Component Component Component
Commander Commander Commander Commander

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 Functional Component
• May be established by the Unified
Commander
• May conduct operations through
– Two or more Services operate in the same
dimension or medium
– Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC)
• Provide centralized direction and control of
certain functions

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 Functional Component
• Selecting Component Commander
– Nature of operation
– Command and control capabilities
– Mix of service forces
• Normally commanded by the service
component commander with the
preponderance of forces in an
operational area
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 Subordinate Unified
Commands
• May be established by the Unified
Commander with authorization from CJCS
• Established on a geographic area or
functional basis, focusing on a specific area
of interest
• Operate on a continuous basis
• Have functions and responsibilities similar to
a Unified Commander

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 US Pacific Command-
Subordinate Unified Cmd
Korea
Alaska

Japan
Special
Operations
Command
Pacific

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 Joint Task Force (JTF)
• May be established by Unified,
Subordinate and existing JTF
commanders
• Established to accomplish limited,
operational objectives
• Dissolved when purpose for which it
was created has been achieved

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 US Pacific Command-
Joint Task Force

JTF
Interagenc
y
Task
Force-
WEST MPF-05 37
 Review
Command Structure
Pacific Command

USARPAC PACAF PACFLT MARFORPAC

US Special Ops
JIATF US Forces Alaskan
Forces Command
West Japan Command
Korea Pacific

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 Joint Force Commander
• Joint Force Commander
– General term for Combatant Commander,
Subordinate Unified Commander, JTF
Commander that has authorized to
exercise combatant command authority
(COCOM)
– Also Establishing Authority
SUBORDINATE JOINT
COMMBATANT
UNIFIED TASK
COMMANDER
COMMANDER FORCES
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Questions?

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 Command and Control (C2)
CHANNEL OF COMMUNICATION Pres/
ADVICE SecDef

CJCS ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROL
COMM COMBATANT MILITARY
COMMANDERS DEPARTMENTS

JOINT SERVICE FUNCTIONAL SUBORDINATE

TASK COMPONENT COMPONENT UNIFIED
FORCES COMMANDS COMMANDS COMMANDS

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 Operational Commanders
Combatant
Commander

MARFOR NAVFOR

CG, Fleet
MEF Commander

MAGTF CMPF
CE

Other
GCE ACE LCE NSE Naval MPSRON
Forces
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 Commanding General, MEF

• I MEF, II MEF, III MEF

• Plan, execute and supports MAGTF
Operations
• Establish units for MPF Deployment
• Liaison with USTRANSCOM
• Assist COA and TPFDD development
• Coordinate MCB and MCAS support
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 Numbered Fleet
Commanders
• Responsibilities
– Designate the CMPF
– Task organize and direct Naval Forces
– Coordinate support forces
– Provide protection for Naval Forces and
MPSRON

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Fleet Commander AOR

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How does this
impact MPF?

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Employment of the MPF

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Employment of the MPF

Combatant Cmdr
requests
employment of
the MPF
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Employment of the MPF

President decides
to deploy &
employ
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Employment of the MPF

Naval Component
Cmdr provides trained
Navy Forces and
authoritative direction
to MPSRON

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Employment of the MPF

Numbered Flt Cmdr

designates CMPF and
provides security

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Employment of the MPF

Marine Forces
Component Cmdr
provides trained
MAGTF

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Employment of the MPF

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Questions?

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 Command Relationships
• Four types of command relationships
– Combatant Command (COCOM)
– Operational Control (OPCON)
– Tactical Control (TACON)
– Support

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 Combatant Command
• Command authority over assigned
forces
– Cannot be delegated
– Authoritative direction over all aspects of
military operations
– Organize & employ commands and forces
– Directive authority for logistics

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 Operational Control
• May be exercised at any echelon at or
below the level of Unified Command
– Can be delegated or transferred

– Inherent in COCOM

– Authoritative direction over all aspects of

military operations and joint training
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 Tactical Control
• Command authority over assigned or
attached forces or command

– Limited to the detailed and local direction

and control of movements or maneuvers

– May be exercised by commanders at any

echelon at or below combatant command
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 C2 in English
• COCOM – Own the mortgage

• OPCON – Short term lease

• TACON – One night stay

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 Support
• May be exercised by commanders at any
echelon at or below the level of combatant
command
• Aid, Protect, Complement, Sustain
• Four types of support
– Mutual
– General
– Direct
– Close

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 Direct Support
• Mission requiring a force to support
another specific force
• Force authorized to directly answer to
the supported force’s request for
assistance
• Establishing authority ensures both
commanders understand degree of
authority granted
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 MPF Command
Relationships
• MPF C2 Background
– Used amphibious doctrine as a starting point
• CMPF designated as senior commander for
leading the MPF operation
• CMPF led a triad of organizations
– MAGTF
– NSE
– MPSRON
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 Background

CMPF

MAGTF NSE MPSRON

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 Types of Operations
• Independent
– MPF MAGTF independent entity that is not
subsumed into another MARFOR

• Augmentation
– MPF MAGTF augments an existing
MARFOR or amphibious task force

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 Background
• Did not fulfill all the specific
requirements in MPF operation
• Did not take into account the difference
between MPF and amphibious ops
• C2 relationship different by type and
phase of operation
– 8 organizational charts

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 Independent Operations

Pl

M
CMPF CMPF

an

ov
ni

em
ng

en
t
MAGTF NSE MPSRON MAGTF NSE MPSRON
M

A&
ar

CMPF CMPF
sh

A
al
lin
g

MAGTF NSE MPSRON MAGTF NSE MPSRON

COORD OPCON
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 Augmentation Operations

M
Pl
CATF CATF

ov
an

em
ni
ng

en
t
CLF NSE MPSRON CLF NSE MPSRON
M

A&
ar

CATF
CATF
sh

A
al
lin
g

CLF NSE MPSRON CLF NSE MPSRON

COORD OPCON
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 Current Doctrine
• Direct support relationship is
established between the NAVFOR and
the MARFOR during MPF operations
– MAGTF supported commander
– CMPF supporting commander

• CATF/CLF not a command relationship

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 Current Doctrine

DIRECT
MAGTF SUPPORT CMPF
CE

Other
GCE ACE LCE NSE Naval MPSRON
Forces

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 Current Doctrine
Unified
Commander

MARFOR NAVFOR

CG, Fleet
MEF Commander

MAGTF CMPF
DIRECT SUPPORT
CE

Other
GCE ACE LCE NSE Naval MPSRON
Forces
 Planning Phase
• MAGTF Commander- OPCON to MARFOR
– Publishes A&A plan
– Publishes Deployment LOI

• CMPF- OPCON to # Fleet

• MAGTF and CMPF will coordinate departure

of SLRP and OPP

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 Marshalling Phase
• MAGTF Commander- OPCON to
establishing authority
– Coordinating, assembling, and supporting
airlift of FIE

• CMPF- OPCON to establishing

authority
– Coordinating marshaling of NSE

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 Movement Phase
• MAGTF Commander
– Coordinate movement of all FIE elements

• CMPF
– Coordinate movement of the MPSRON

• Successful performance of A&A functions

dependant on well planned and executed
movement plan
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 Arrival and Assembly
Phase
• MAGTF Commander
– Safe and efficient throughput of MPE/S from the
beach/port to the Unit Assembly Areas (UAA)
– Reports MAGTF operational attainment

• CMPF
– Conducts ship-to-shore (STS) movement of
MPE/S
– Ensure MPS offload safety, efficiency, timelines
met
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 Reconstitution Phase
• MARFOR primarily responsible for this phase

• NAVFOR determines tasks and requirements

for Navy units supporting reconstitution

• MAGTF Commander and CMPF will

coordinate and support the redeployment of
the MPF

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Questions?

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 Summary
• Unified command structures
• Operational command structure
• Command relationships
• MPF Command and Control
• Command and control of MPF
operation by phases

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Questions?

MPF-05 78