ADVANCED BRAKING

SYSTEMS

BY

VARATHA KRISHNAN.D

2nd year(3rd SEM) Mechanical Engineering.
SYNOPSIS:

 INTRODUCTION

 BASIC CONCEPTS

 BRAKE RULES

 BIG LEAP BY MANUFACTURERS

 ADVANCED FEATURES

 BUGATTI VEYRON

 WHY UNIQUE?

 OUR INNOVATIONS

 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION

 The brake system converts the kinetic 
energy of vehicle motion into heat

 Kinetic energy = heat
BASIC CONCEPTS
The total kinetic energy of a 
moving vehicle is a function of 
the square of the speed.
The speed from which you wish 
to stop a vehicle is much more 
important than the mass of the 
vehicle.
 Kinetic Energy as a Function of Speed and Mass
180,000

160,000
200 kg
140,000 250 kg
290 kg
120,000
Energy N-M

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0
30 60 90 120
Speed kph
  Brake rules

i) The car must have four wheel brakes operated by a 
single control. 
ii) The brake system must be capable of locking all four 
(4) wheels, and stopping the vehicle in a straight line
iii) The braking systems must be protected with scatter 
shields from failure of the drive train.
iv) A brake pedal over­travel switch must be installed. 
This switch must kill the ignition and cut the power to 
any electrical fuel pumps.
v) The car must be equipped with a red brake light that 
illuminates when ever the brakes are applied
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
CONFIGURATIONS
There  are  two  layouts  of  hydraulic  brake  systems 
used in cars and light trucks. 
Front/Rear hydraulic split:
Also  called  axle  by  axle,  vertical,  and  some  times   
“black and white”.
Diagonal Split:
Also called criss­cross.

The type of split is only significant in the 
event of a hydraulic system failure.
Front/rear Hydraulic Split

Primary System

Secondary System
 DIAGONAL SPLIT SYSTEMS
 Diagonal split hydraulic systems are
commonly used on front wheel drive
vehicles.
 This is primarily because driver only
conditions there is so little weight on
the rear axle that the vehicle would
not be able to meet the legally
required stopping distances with only
the rear brakes.
 Both Front Wheels Locked:

 You can’t steer

 The vehicle goes
 straight
You might hit something
 Not good if you are on a curved
road
 Both Rear Wheels Locked:

 The front wheels track straight

ahead
 Then the rear wheels deviate to the
side
 Until the vehicle can’t track straight
any longer and the rear starts to spin
around the front
 Brake Fade

Brake fade is the loss of performance

resulting from the lining friction
decreasing as the lining and rotor or drum
rises in temperature
 MAJOR CRITERIAS

 90% of the braking energy goes

into the rotor
 If the rotor is too light it gets
very hot
 If the temperatures get too high
very nasty things can happen.
 BIG LEAP BY MANUFACTURERS
 Bugatti

 Mercedes-Benz

 BMW

 Audi

 Rolls-Royce
 ADVANCED FEATURES
 ABS (Anti lock braking system)

 Brake assist system

 Autonomous emergency braking

 EBD(Electronic Brake force Distribution)

 ACC(Adaptive Cruise control)

 Air brakes
 BUGATTI VEYRON
Braking distance

 100–0 km/h - 31.4 m – 2.3 sec

 200–0 km/h -126 m - <5 sec
 300–0 km/h - 283 m – <7 sec
 400–0 km/h - 540 m - <10 sec
EXCL. PICS OF VEYRON
14.7
Bugatti veyron brakes
 WHY UNIQUE?
 The Veyron’s carbon ceramics brakes
can withstand surface temperatures
of 1,100°C during the overload test.

 Activated by the brake pedal, the

spoiler shoots up and is deployed at a
55-degree angle in less than 0.4
seconds.
SPEEDOMETER OF VEYRON
 OUR INNOVATIONS
 Introduction of nano fibers in the
automobiles.(as in BMW gina)
 Introducing carbon ceramic disc
brakes.
 Brake wires should be made of
composite materials, so as to
increase the life and avoid brake
failures.
 Using polyethylene and epoxy resin
mixture in brake disks.
 DRAWBACKS
 Price of bugatti veyron-
10,04,92,000.00 Indian Rupees.
 Max. Speed >450km/hr.(not yet
released)
 Max speed reached 429km/hr.
 Average speed is around 250
km/hr, which is not suitable in
Indian conditions.
 CONCLUSION
 Thus the advanced features of
braking systems which have been a
blind man’s chase have been
explained completely here.
 By Implementing the above said
features, safety can be improved and
accidents can be avoided.
 We hope that these are introducing by
automobile manufacturers in INDIA.