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Basics
White light
Spectrum
Glass prism
15xx nm
The lightwaves we use are not visible to the human eye (infrared)
Wavelength/Attenuation
Optical fiber types
Multi-mode and Single Mode
n2 Cladding
Multi-mode Fiber (MMF)
Core diameter: 50 m or 62.5 m Core
Cladding diameter 125 m n1 Core
Bit rate-distance product >500 MHz-km
Cladding
n2 Cladding
Single Mode Fiber (SMF)
Core diameter: 9 m Core
n1 Core
Cladding diameter 125 m
Bit rate-distance product >100 THz-km
Cladding
Lig
ht T1 Optical Fiber T2
T2 > T1
fi+j-k=2
Fiber non-linearities
Spectral Density
fi+j-k=1 f i+j-k=3
Optical filters
Data Channel 3
Data Channel n
WDM multiplies fiber capacity; is able to support any bitrate and protocol
Basic elements of a WDM system
l1 l1
Tx Rx
l2 l2
Tx Rx
OADM Amp
l3 l1,2,3,4 l3
Tx Rx
l1 l1 l4
l4 Rx
Tx Multi-
Rx Tx
wavelength
Optical Filter optical
(multiplexer) Optical ADM Optical Filter
amplifier
• Combines optical (fixed or • Amplifies all
(demultiplexer)
signals onto one • Splits the optical signal
fiber
ROADM) transmitted
wavelengths without into different
• Provides access O/E/O wavelengths
to all or selected
Transponder wavelengths
• Optical/electrical/optical without O/E/O
conversion
• 3R (re-timing, re-shaping,
re-amplification)
• Defines transmit wavelength
• Wideband receiver
A closer look - WDM Terminal Node
Shelf
communication
Shelf NE Routing or
Controller Controller OSC card
OSC
SFP
SFP SFP
To/from
Services SFP SFP
Switch
SFP
WDM link
Trunk
Channel
Card WDM Filter Switch Amplifier OSC Filter
Transpoder
Amplifier
turns service signal
amplifies line signal
into colored line signal
(all wavelengthes)
(and vice versa)l WDM Multiplexer
multiplexes several transponder
output signals onto one fiber
(and vice versa)
Amplifier Application Scenarios
Pre-amplifier
Transponder
DMX
MUX
Tx Rx Transponder
Transmitter Receiver
Inline amplifier
Transponder Transponder
MUX
DMX
Tx Rx
Transmitter Receiver
Booster amplifier
Transponder
MUX
Transponder
DMX
Tx Rx
Transmitter Receiver
What is a ROADM ?
• ROADM = Reconfigurable Optical ADD & DROP Multiplexer
• A ROADM is an optical network element which is capable to pass through
any separate wavelength between DWDM node line interfaces and
add/drop any separate wavelength from DWDM line interfaces to add/drop
ports.
• The re-configurability is software based. Therefore remote re-configuration
via management systems is possible.
• In general a ROADM is optical transparent. This means that the ROADM is
transparent for the data-rate, the framing or the modulation format of the
wavelengths.
• ROADM types and functionalities:
• 2 degree ROADM
• Multi degree ROADM
• Directionless add/drop
• Colorless add/drop
• Gridless ROADM
• Contentionless ROADM
• More or less any combination of node types and functionalities
Dispersion Compensation
Chromatic dispersion
If different spectral components of the light signal travel at different speeds the transmitted
pulses will become broader. Therefore pulses will overlap which can only be tolerated to a
certain extend at a given data rate or nominal pulse width. If the overlap becomes too large
detection won’t be possible anymore. Therefore chromatic dispersion has to be
compensated. The level of compensation depends on the data rate and limits total distance.
Tx Rx
DCF DCF DCF DCF
Tx Rx
Packet optical transport & new optical core layer are required.
Outline
• WDM basics
– Optical spectrum
– Optical fiber
– Optical impairments
• WDM systems
– Terminal
– Amplifier
– Dispersion compensation
– OADM
– Special case – 100G
• WDM Market
• WDM Applications addressed by Sorrento
– Enterprise Networks
– Data Center Connectivity
Private Enterprise Networks
Highest Availability
Lowest Latency
Maximum Security
Primary Data Center Backup Data Center
FC Fiber FC
Switch Switch
LAN Connectivity
DCB DCB
Switch Switch
Workload, BC/DR
Blade Servers
Blade Servers
- virtual Images
- virtual Images
- I/O Consolidation
- I/O Consolidation
10G FCoE/DCB Legend
10G FCoE/DCB
GbE
8/16G FC
FCoE/DCB