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•Diabetes Mellitus
•Substance Abuse
•HIV/AIDS
•Rh Sensitization
•Anemia
I. Heart Disease
Pregnancy results in increased cardiac output, heart
rate & blood volume.
Normal heart is able to adapt to these changes without
difficulty.
Woman with heart disease has decreased cardiac
reserve, making it more difficult for her to handle the
higher workload of pregnancy.
Cardiac disease complicates about 1% of pregnancies.
1.Congenital Heart Defects
Most commonly seen in pregnant women include:
Atrial septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of aorta
Tetralogy of fallot