Normal EKG

Q-T interval
0.35 sec
P-R interval

0.16 sec
R R

P T P T

Atrial Q Ventricular Q
depolarization S repolarization S

Ventricular
depolarizatio
n

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 Standardized EKGs

Figure 11-1; Guyton & Hall

• Time and voltage calibrations are

standardized as shown on figure 11-1.
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 Heart Rate Calculation

• R-R interval = 0.83 sec

• Heart rate = (60 sec)/(0.83 sec) = 72 beats/min
min beat

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 Bipolar Limb Leads

• Bipolar means that the

EKG is recorded from
two electrodes on the
body.

Figure 11-6; Guyton & Hall

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 Bipolar Limb Leads (cont’d)

0.5 mV

1.2 mV

0.7 mV

Figure 11-7; Guyton & Hall

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 Other EKG Leads

• Chest Leads (Precordial Leads) known as V1-

V6 are very sensitive to electrical potential
changes underneath the electrode.

Figure 11-9; Guyton & Hall

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 Cardiac Cycle

Figure 9-5; Guyton & Hall

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 Phases of the Cardiac Cycle

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Pressure and Volume Relationships in the
Cardiac Cycle

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A Simple Model of Stroke Volume

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Factors Affecting Cardiac Output

Figure 20.20
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