EEM424 Design of Experiments

Lecture 3

1-10-2018
Mohd Nazri Mahmud
 AGENDA

• Group presentations on Simple Comparative

Experiment
• Single factor experiment with more than 2
levels/treatments
 Group presentations

• Presentation order (3,5,1,2,4)

 Single factor with > 2 levels

• Many single factor experiments involve more than two

levels of the factor.
• Example: Montgomery Section 3.1 page 66-68
– Objective: Usually to model the relationship between the
factor and the output response, but also to
specify the setting of the factor level that would give the
desired value of the output response
• If we wish to test whether the 4 means are different or
not, we do not use t-Test because it is tedious to do 6
pairs of comparison
• An appropriate procedure is the Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA)
 ANOVA

• Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is based on the idea of partitioning of

the total variability into its component parts.
• It is used for testing the equality or inequality of treatment means.
• The total variability in the data as measured by the Total Corrected
Sum of Squares can be partitioned into
– a sum of squares of the differences between the treatment
averages and the grand average, plus
– a sum of squares of the difference of observations within
treatments from the treatment average
SST = SSTreatments + SSE

• If the between-treatment error is much larger than the within-treatment error,

then it is likely that the treatments means are different.
One-way, or single-factor, ANOVA
• SST is called the total corrected
sum of squares, a measure of
overall variability in the data.
• SSTreatment is called the sum of
squares due to treatments (i.e.,
between treatments),
• SSE is called the sum of squares
due to error (i.e., within treatments).
• There are a levels of the factor (and
a treatment means)
• there are n replicates within any
treatment
 One way ANOVA using Excel

• A demo for example 3.1

 Homework - Individual

• Based on your understanding of the procedure for

analysing data from example 3.1, produce a flowchart
of the steps for carrying out the analysis of data from
any experiment with a single factor and many factor
levels.
• Submit your flowchart by the end of this week, Friday 5
Oct 2018.
 Analysis of variance – Individual
Assignments using excel
Question 1
The tensile strength of portland cement is being studied.
Four different mixing techniques can be used economically.
A completely randomised experiment was conducted and the following data collected.
Mixing Tensile Strength
Technique
1 3129 3000 2865 2890

2 3200 3300 2975 3150

3 2800 2900 2985 3050

4 2600 2700 2600 2765

Perform ANOVA using Excel to test the hypothesis that mixing techniques affect
the tensile strength
14
 Analysis of variance - Assignments
Q2
A manufacturer of television sets is interested in the effect of tube conductivity
of four different types of coating for color picture tubes. The following conductivity data
are obtained.
Coating Conductivity
Type
1 143 141 150 146

2 152 149 137 143

3 134 136 132 127

4 129 127 132 129

Perform ANOVA using Excel to test the hypotheses that coating types affect
the conductivity.
EEM332 Lecture Slides 15
 Analysis of variance - Assignments
Q3
Four different designs for a digital circuits are being studied in order to compare
the amount of noise present. The following data have been obtained.

Circuit Noise observed

designs
1 19 20 19 30 8

2 80 61 73 56 80

3 47 26 25 35 50

4 95 46 83 78 97

Perform ANOVA using Excel to test the hypotheses whether the noise are the same
for all the four designs or not.
EEM332 Lecture Slides 16
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