KONSERVASI SUMBER DAYA AIR

RE 091315 – 3 SKS

PASOKAN AIR
(water supply)
Ir. Eddy S. Soedjono, Dipl.SE., MSc., PhD.

Kuliah 04_08.00-10.50

JURUSAN TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL dan PERENCANAAN
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER (ITS)
SURABAYA – INDONESIA
11 MARET 2013
 MATERI PENGAJARAN:

Week Material Week Material

1 Pengantar Konservasi SDA serta 10 Tugas Lapangan
Regulasi
2 Siklus Hidrologi 11 ?
3 Kebutuhan air 12 Presentasi Tugas
4 Pasokan air 13 Air Hujan, First Flush, &
Kawasan Pesisir
5 Kuis 1 14 Institusi Pengelola
6 Baku Mutu & Model Kualitas Air 15 Partisipasi Masyarakat (jender)

7 ? 16 Kuis 2
8 ? 17 Evaluasi Akhir/Diskusi
9 18

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PASOKAN AIR:
Q

demand

supply

Karang Pilang I, II

Ngagel I, II, III

Plintahan

t
10 10 10

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 PRIORITY FOR RAW WATER:

 Mata air (springs),

 Air tanah dalam (deep wells),
 Air tanah dangkal (shallow wells),
 Danau (lakes),
 Sungai (rivers),
 Air hujan (rainwater),
 Air laut (seawater),
 Ada yang lain (misal: air gambut, air embun)?
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 TECHNOLOGY:
 Best choice,
 Small flow (< 40 l/s – centre of district),
 Best if elevation is higher than service area (gravitation),
 May need break-pressure-tanks,
 May consist of Ca and Mg and Fe and Mn. Needs further
treatment,
 Springs may be far from service area & lower in elevation,
 Hot water is sometimes accompanied by high sulfur content,
 Management by the community after construction with many
challenges of management.
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 SPRINGS:

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 SOCIAL & INSTITUTIONAL:

 High DO content makes spring water fresher,

 Clearness (low turbidity) may out compete all salts content,
 The most reliable as almost no M & E equipment and flow by
gravity,
 Historically, springs may be totally used for irrigation which
may cause conflict with water use in the future,
 Is irrigation more important?
 Who owns the springs?
 Preservation of the catchment area (recharge area),
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 SPRINGS:
Lokasi Sumber Umbulan

Prakiraan Cacthment Area

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 TECHNOLOGY:
 Not the individual house type,
 Flow is higher than 1 l/s,
 Need submersible pumps (electricity),
 In remote area, electricity comes from gensets,
 Geo-listrik (to locate screens) & pumping test,
 Not simple operation and maintenance procedures,
 Screens are expensive and may clog or corrode,
 Not 24 hours service,
 All water supply must be disinfected.
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 DEEP WELLS:

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 TECHNOLOGY:

 For individual house,

 Susceptible for soak away of septic tanks seepage,
 Flow smaller than deep wells,
 Upper structure is used for safety (coupled with TIMBA),
 Slabs are used to avoid re-entering wastewater and to guide
the waste to safe sites,
 May not be available due to scarcity of water (Rawan Air), i.e.:
coastal area, small islands, clay soil,

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 SHALLOW WELLS:

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 LAKES:

 Ample water,
 May be poor quality of SS (appropriate treatment),
 Intake further away from the banks,
 Suction is a bit deeper for better quality,
 Integrated Lake Management,
 This includes dams and ponds,
 May face stratification and circulation for deep lakes,
 May be used on-site.

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 LAKES:

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 LAKES:

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 RIVERS:

 Ample water for perennial rivers,

 Dominated by colloids,
 Require conventional treatment or appropriate technology,
 Expensive for construction and O & M,
 Qualified operators,
 May not be feasible for villages, but may be OK for districts or
bigger communities,
 Obviously pumping system to some extend,
 More complicated management.
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 RIVERS:
pagar
10
3 4 5 9
1 2
3 5

12
6 6
SUNGAI

PARKIR 11
JALAN RAYA 7
8
7

TATA LETAK IPAM

Tanpa Skala
Keterangan :
1. Intake 8. Reservoir
2. Sumur pengumpul 9. Pengering Lumpur
3. Bak pengendap I 10. Pompa intake
4. Bak pengaduk cepat 11. Pembubuh kimia dan
5. Bak pengadukan lambat pompa distribusi
6. Bak pengendap II 12. Satpam
7. Filter
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 RIVERS:

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 SEDIMENTATION:

 Persegi- 4  aliran horizontal

Inlet

Outlet

Ruang lumpur

Horizontal

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 FILTRATION:

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 RAINWATER HARVESTING:

 Rely on the roof area,

 Type of roofs,
 Less air pollution for rural area,
 Not only kept in vessels, but also in dams,
 Water from dams has similar quality with lakes,
 Rural area may use large area of roof likes mosques,
schools, hospitals, offices, etc.,
 Dengue is susceptible.

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 RAINWATER HARVESTING:

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 SEAWATER:

 Definitely expensive,
 High qualified operator,
 Not rural, but city along the coastal zone,
 Last option.

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 SEAWATER:

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 DESINFEKSI (bukan klorinasi):

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 OTHER IMPORTANT THING:

 Kebocoran air,

 Tandon sebelum dipompa ke rumah tangga,

 Kemampuan saringan pasir atas kualitas air sungai yang

fluktuatif/tercemar: deterjen, logam berat, EDC, pesticides, dll.

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WATERBORN-DISEASES and OTHERS:

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 REGULASI:

 Permenkes 907/2002 tentang Syarat-syarat dan Pengawasan

Kualitas Air Minum,
 PP 82/2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan
Pengendalian Pencemaran Air,
 WHO, dll.

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 FURTHER INFORMATION:

Center for Water and Sanitation in Tropical Areas (CWaSTA)

Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, FTSP, ITS
Kampus ITS, Sukolilo
Surabaya 60111, INDONESIA

Telpon kantor : +62 31 596 2271/591 1882

HP : +62 812 3140 1686
Email : soedjono@enviro.its.ac.id
: eddy.up3d@gmail.com
Website : www.enviro.its.ac.id

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