 Berilliyum

 Magnesium
 Calcium
 Strontium
 Barium
 Radium
 Silvery white lustrous
 relatively soft but harder than alkali metals
 Beryllium and Mg are greyish
 MP and BP are higher than alkali metals
 Low ionisation enthalpies
 Strongly electropositive
METAL Calcium Strontium Barium

COLOUR Brick red crimson Apple green

Be Inert to oxygen and Powdered , HEAT
water due to 2Be + O2  2BeO WITH HEAT
formation of an 3 Be + N2  Be3N2 2M + O2  2MO
oxide film on their
METAL OXIDE
surface
Mg Mg +O2  MgO2 Burns with dazzling
3 Mg + N2  Mg3N2 briliance MgO and
Mg3N2

Ca, Sr, Ba HEAT

M+ O2  M02
METAL PEROXIDE
M + 2H20  M(OH)2 + H2

Be Doesnot react with boiling water

Mg Reacts with boiling water

Ca, Sr, Ba Reacts with cold water

Mg< Ca<Sr<Ba
 M + X2  MX2
 AT ELEVATED TEMP

 Best method to make BeF2

 THERMAL DECOMPOSITION of Ammonium
fluroberyllate
(NH4)2BeF4 - 2NH4F + BeF2
 BeO + C+ CL2 BeCl2 + CO2
 All except Be
 M +H2 HEAT - MH2

 2BeCl2 +LiAlH4 -- 2BeH2 + LiCl + AlCl3

 BeH2 covalent , MgH2 – partly ionic
 All others – ionic

 CaH2 – hydrolith
 MH2 + 2H20  M(OH)2 + H2
 Alloys
 Copper berryllium – high strength springs
 Windowws of Xray tubes
 Mg-Al (magnalium)alloy air craft
construstion
 Mg – flash powders and bulbs. Bombs, signals
 Milk of magnesia (Mg hydroxide) antacid
 Mg carbonate toothpaste
 Elektron ( 95% Mg + 5% Zn) air craft
 In extraction of metals form oxides which are
difficult to reduce by Carbon
 To remove air from vacuumtubes
 Te remove sulphur from petroleum
 To remove last traces of water from alcohol
 In limestone, gypsum, cementsm mortar
 Ca and Ba – to remove air form vacumme
 BaSO4
 INSOLUBLE IN WATER
 Opaque to Xrays
 Barium meal for human digestive system
 In radiotherapy
 Treatment of Cancer
 Small atomic and ionic size
 High ionization enthalpy
 Hard metal
 Highest MP and BP
 Compounds – covalent , get easily hydrolysed
 Its oxides and hydroxides are amphoteric in
nature
 Doesnot liberate H2 from acids
 Coordination number is 6, unlike others 6
 Has an oxide film on surface of metals
 Not readily attacked by acids
 Be hydroxide dissolves in excess of alkali to
give Beryllate ion Be(OH4)2- , same like
aluminate ion
 Soluble in organic solvents
 Form strong complexes Be F4 2- , AlFe6 2-
 On hydrolysis give methane
 BeCl2 and AlCl3
 Acts as Lewis acids( empty orbital which can
take electrons from lewis base)
 Dissolve in organic solvents
 Used as catalyst in Friedel craft
reation(reaction to add subsituents to the
aromatic ring)
 BY HEATING CaCO3 AT 1070-1270 K
 CaCO3 - CaO + CO2
 White amorphous solid
 MP 280K
 heat
 CaO +2NH4CL  CaCl2 + 2NH3 + H20
 Slaking of lime – H = - 63kJ /mol
 Addition of limited amount of water
 Exothermic ( milk of lime)
 Quick lime slaked with soda gives sodalime
 Cement making
 Cheapest form of alkali
 Sodium carbonate from caustic soda
 Purification of sugar
 Dye stuffs
 By passing CO2 through slaked lime
 Ca(OH)2 + CO2  CaCO3 + H2O
 Cotrolled CO2 is neede or it will form
Ca(HCO3)2

 ADDITION OF SODIUM CARBONATE TO

CALCIUM CHLORIDE
 CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2 NaCl
 WHITE powder
 CaCO3 - HEATED TO 1200K CaO + CO2

 REACTS WITH ACIDS TO GIVE CO2

 CaCO3 + 2 HCl  CaCl2 + H20 + CO2
 CaCO3 + H2SO4  CaSO4 + H20 + CO2
 Building material in form of marble
 Quick lime
 CaCO3 + Mgco3 In extraction of iron
 For high quality paper
 Antacid
 Mild abrasive in tooth paste
 In chewing gum