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Lecture 36
#include <iostream.h>
#include <fstream.h>
iomanip.h
cin.eof ( ) ;
cin.fail ( ) ;
cin.bad ( ) ;
cin.good ( ) ;
cin.clrear ( ) ;
Manipulators
Stream
Manipulators
float PI = 3.1415926 ;
endl
cout << endl ;
cout << flush ;
Manipulator
With Arguments
Inline
Manipulator
cout.flush ( ) ;
Number System
Binary
Decimal
Octal
Hexadecimal
Example
int i = 10 ;
cout << i ;
10
Example
#include <iostream.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
main ( )
{
int i = 10 ; Output
cout << oct << i << endl ; 12
cout << hex << i<< endl ; A
cout << dec << i << endl ; 10
}
White
Space
WS
Manipulator
setw
Example
#include <iostream.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
main ( )
{
int i = 5 ;
cout << “The value of i is = ” ;
cout << setw ( 4 ) << i << endl ;
}
setfill
cout << setfill ( ‘*’ ) ;
A Character
Example
#include<iostream.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
Main ( )
{
int i = 4000 ;
cout << setfill ( ‘*’ ) << setw ( 10 ) << i << endl ;
}
Set Precision
Manipulator
Example
#include<iostream.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
main ( )
{
float number = 6.67076632 ;
cout << setprecision ( 2 ) << number << endl ;
}
Example
#define PI 3.1415926
main ( )
{
cout << PI << endl ;
cout << setprecision ( 2 ) << PI << endl ;
}
setbase
Example
#include <iostream.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
main ( )
{
int x = 10 ;
cout << setbase ( 8 ) << x <<endl ;
cout << setbase ( 16 ) << x <<endl ;
cout << setbase ( 10 ) << x <<endl ;
cout << setbase ( 0 ) << x <<endl ;
}
Same as setbase (10)
Input Output state flags
IOS Flags
width ( ) ;
cin.width ( 7 ) ;
cout.width ( 10 ) ;
cout.precision ( 2 ) ;
Example
#include <iostream.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
main ( )
{
int i = 10 , j = 20 ;
cout << setw ( 7 ) << i <<endl ;
cout << j ;
}
Formatting Manipulation
ios :: adjustfield
ios :: left
ios :: right
ios :: left | ios :: right , ios :: adjustfield
cout.setf ( ios :: left , ios :: adjustfield ) ;
Set Flag
cout.fill ( ‘*’ ) ;
cout.fill ( '0' ) ;
Formatting Manipulation
cout.fill ( '0' ) ;
cout << setw ( 10 ) << number << endl ;
cout.setf ( ios :: hex ) ;
7ff
0111 1111 1111
showbase
showbase
1.2334e +09
Fixed Point Notation
ios :: fixed
ios :: uppercase
What we learnt so far..