 A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken

to create a unique product or service with a

defined start and end point and specific
objectives that, when attained, signify
completion.

Temporary Unique End point

Specific
Objectives
 Project management is the application of
knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques
applied to project activities in order to meet
or exceed stakeholder needs and
expectations from a project.

 Organizing and managing resources which

completes the PROJECT within defined SCOPE,
QUALITY, TIME and COST CONSTRAINTS
FIVE PHASES OF THE PROJECT

 1. INITIATING PHASE
 2. PLANNING PHASE
 3. EXECUTING PHASE
 4. CONTROLLING AND MONITORING PHASE
 5. CLOSING PHASE
 A Planning is the art of EXECUTING the
project, in a feasible manner with respect to
its cost, time factor, Quantity and QUALITY.
 It helps management to clarify, focus, and
research their project's prospects and
development.
 Offers a benchmark against Planned Vs Actual
performance can be measured and reviewed.
 Project Scope
 Project Schedule
 Resource Requirement
 project cost estimation
 Project Quality and
 Project Risk Management
 Time
 Cost
 Scope
 Target Verification
 Resource Planning
 Commitment
 Basis for “What-if”
 Step in Delegation
 Basis for Control
 Target Verification:
 Every project has targets to be achieved. With the
help of planning we can verify the targets at
every interval to keep a track of the project.
 Resource Planning:
 Planning helps in effective use of all the
resources required in a project which helps in
reducing the risk of losses.
 To help Commitment:
 To commit any date for the start/ finish
 of an activity or project, planning helps in
forecasting the most likely date for the
commitment
 Basis for “What-if”:
 To prepare a scenario for the future risks on the schedule
(like political decisions, market shortage of materials,
special manpower availability or a natural calamity) that
could have an impact on the project, planning helps to
predict these problems effect and help to prepare for them
in advance.
Step in Delegation:
 Planning help in distributing/assigning authorized people
at different stages for the better outcome of the project.
 •Basis for Control:
 Planning helps in better coordination and controlling of
the project in an feasible manner thus resulting in easy
achievement of target at every interval of the project.
 To develop any project schedule we have to break down
the
 project to a certain detail of information
 (level of planning-
 WBS)
 to allow us to control the project. This detail is decided
 based on the information we need to produce in the
control
 phase. It has been agreed that we can reach till level 4 of
 planning
 • Level 1 - Executive Summary Level
 • Level 2 - Summary level
 • Level 3 - Management Level
 • Level 4 - Site level (Daily)
 Work Breakdown Structure:
 It means “breaking the work into different
parts”. It divides the entire project into its
component elements in order to establish a
framework for effective management control
of the project.
 It organizes and defines the total scope of the
project. Each descending level represents an
increasingly detailed definition of the project
work.
 An Organization Breakdown Structure (OBS) is
a hierarchical model describing the
establishment of organizational framework
for various project disciplines. It provides a
way of organizing project tasks by those
responsible for executing the work. It is a
hierarchical coding structure with each
succeeding level providing a lower level of
details and is represented by
 organization charts.
 Organization Break downStructure (OBS)
 Schedule
 Activity
 Predecessor
 Successor
 Path
 Lag
 Lead
 Data Date
 Cut-off date
 Milestone
 Baseline
 Original duration
 Remaining Duration
 Gantt chart (or) Bar chart
 Bar
 Variance
 Finish-to-Start
 Finish-to-Finish
 Start-to-start
 Start-to-finish
 1.Schedule calculation
 A) Forward path calculation
 B) Backward path calculation

 2).Critical path Identification

 A) Total float
 B) Free float
 C) Critical path
  Constraints

 1.Constraints Allowed for active project

 A) Early start constraint
 B) Early finish Constraint
 C) Late start Constraint
 D) Late finish constraints
 2) Constraints for “What if” Scenario:
 A) Start on constrain
 B) Expected Finish constraint
 C) Mandatory start constraint
 D) Mandatory Finish Constraint
 E) Zero total float constraint
 F) Zero free float constraint
 Cash flow is the money in and out of
company. It is of 2 types
 1.Cash in
 2.Cash out
 The lags which are estimated can thus vary form
 update to update according to the site condition
which is not subjected to change every week.
 Hence the resources are also used to monitor the
project. These methods are as follows:
 1) Using the curves (Early & Late vs. Actual)
 2) Using Earned value method (Equations)
 Each of the above methods contain the
monitoring procedure both time wise & cost
wise. Monitoring Progress
 1) Schedule analysis & Forecast
 Schedule Variance (SV): The schedule variance
(SV) determines whether
 a project is ahead or behind the schedule.
 SV = Earned Value (EV) – Planned Value (PV)
 Time Estimate at Completion (EACt): Using
the SPI & the Avg. PV
 per unit time, the project team can generate a
rough estimate of when
 the project will be completed.
 EACt= (BAC/SPI)/(BAC/months)
 Cost Variance (CV): The cost variance (CV)
determines whether a project
 is under or over budget.
 CV = Earned Value (EV) – Actual Cost (AC)
 To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI): It
helps to determine the
 efficiency that must be achieved on the
remaining work of the project
 to meet a specified endpoint.
 TCPI = (BAC - EV)/(BAC – AC)
 Estimate at completion (EAC): It helps to
project the final cost of the
 project if the current performance trends
continues.
 EAC = BAC / CPI
 Variance at completion (VAC): It helps to
determine whether the project
 will finish under or over budget.
 VAC = BAC - EAC
 THANKS FOR SPENDING YOUR VALUABLE TIME