Prof. Umesh S.

Salunkhe
 RCC?
Reinforced Cement Concrete
 General Terms
 Characteristic Strength: 95% Probability- Cube attain
equal or more strength.
 FOS: Purpose for safety. Weight lifter.
LSM:
Loads:
Dead Load: Density x Volm For beam per meter, Slab per Sq. meter

Live Load: 3kN/m2

Load Combinations: 1.5x (DL+LL)
Earthquake Load/ Wind Load: As per IS
 RCC?
Reinforced Cement Concrete

Concrete Steel
FOS - 1.5 FOS - 1.15
σc – 0.67fck σc – 0.87fy Beam

σc – 0.45fck σc – 0.75fy Strut

σc – 0.40fck σc – 0.67fy Column

FOS – 1.1, Increasing the Ultimate Load / Means Reducing the
characteristic Strength
Stress-Strain Curve, Steel and Concrete
Concrete Stress-Strain Curve

For short term loading. Over time concrete will creep and shrink.
 Deformed Steel Reinforcing Bars
• Grade 415, 500, 550 (most common in India)

• Sizes: 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30, 32,
35, 40, 45, ………
 Design of Beams
Compare the strain distribution in two beams
with the same As
Analysis of Flanged Section
• Floor systems with slabs and beams are placed
in monolithic pour.
• Slab acts as a top flange to the beam; T-
beams, and Inverted L(Spandrel) Beams.
 Analysis of Flanged
Sections
Positive and Negative Moment Regions in a T-beam
 Analysis of Flanged Sections
If the neutral axis falls
within the slab depth
analyze the beam as a
rectangular beam,
otherwise as a T-beam.
Analysis of Flanged Sections
Effective Flange Width
Portions near the webs are more highly stressed than
areas away from the web.
Various Possible Geometries of
T-Beams

Single Tee

Twin Tee

Box
Prof. Umesh S. Salunkhe
 Column
A vertical compression member, transferring load of sub
structure & super structure to the foundation.
b
A compression member, the
effective length (leff ) > three
Main d
times the least lateral dimension Steel
(b or d). Stirrups
leff > 3d

Design of Column 23
 Codal Provisions as per IS:456-

A. Longitudinal reinforcement
1 Area of longitudinal reinforcement shall be not less than
0.8% nor more than 6% of cross sectional area of the
column.
2 Min. dia. of longitudinal bar should be 12 mm
3 Min. 4 bars in rectangular column & 6 bars in Circular column.
4 Provided 1 bar at each corner.
B. Lateral reinforcement
Should not be less than φlarger/4 or 6 mm
 Spacing should be not more than the least of
(i) The least lateral dimension of the column
(ii)Sixteen times the smallest diameter of longitudinal
reinforcement bar to be tied= 16xφsmaller
(iii) 300 mm
 Short RC Compression Members
• Short - slenderness does not need to be P
considered – column will not buckle
• Only axial load
Cross-sectional Areas:
As = Area of steel
Ac = Area of concrete L
Ag = Total gross area From Equilibrium:
Fs = stress in steel
P = Ac fc + As fs
Fc = stress in concrete P = 0.45 fck. Ac
• % of rfd = As/Ag + 0.75 fy. As
• In Practice 0.8% To 4%
• (As Per IS 456 0.8 To 6%) σ = P/A,
P= A x σ
 Long Concrete Columns
1.1 x P = (0.45 fck. Ac + 0.75 fy. As)
P = (0.45 fck. Ac + 0.75 fy. As) / 1.1
P = (0.40 fck. Ac + 0.67 fy. As)
 10% increase the load for effect of Slenderness Ratio
(Safety Factors)
Columns (Axially Loaded)

Pu = 0.40fck Ac + 0.67fy Asc

where Pu = factored axial load on the member,
fck = characteristic compressive strength of the concrete,
Ac = area of concrete,
fy = characteristic strength of the compression reinforcement, and
Asc = area of longitudinal reinforcement for columns.

Pu = fck Ac + fy Asc Columns

fck /1.5 = 0.67 fck [For F.O.S.] Beams
0.67fck /1.5 = 0.45 fck [For Slenderness Effect]
1.1 Pu = 0.45fck Ac + 0.75fy Asc
Pu =[0.45fck Ac + 0.75fy Asc] / 1.1For not purly axial member
 Transverse Reinforcement
Used to resist bulge of concrete and buckling of steel
 Concrete Cover
Used to protect steel reinforcement and
provide bond between steel and concrete
 Design of Spiral Reinforcement

• Asp = cross sectional area of spiral bar

• Dcc = center to center diameter of spiral coil
• Acore = area of column core to outside of spiral coils
• Pitch = vertical distance center to center of coils
AspDcc f y
Pitch of spiral 
0.45 f 'c ( Ag  Acore )
with the limit: 1” ≤ clear distance between coils ≤ 3”
Ductility consideration in earthquake
resistant design of R.C.buildings

By
Prof. Umesh S. Salunkhe
 Unconfined concrete isn’t achieve the design

level of ductility.
 Transverse reinforcement should be provided

1. To confine the concrete in core region.

2. To prevent buckling of the longitudinal

compression reinforcement.
 JOINTS OF FRAMES
• The special confining reinforcement as required at the end

of column shall be provided through the joint as well, unless

the joint is confined as specified by 8.2.
 Helps to resist the shear force transmitted by framing members.

 Improves bond between steel and concrete within the joint.

 Helps to maintain vertical load carrying capacity even after spalling of

outer shell.

• Each beam width is at least 3/4 of the column width, may be

provided with half the special confining reinforcement

required at the end of the column.

• The spacing of hoops shall not exceed 150 mm.

 9.Shear wall
 This section applies to shear walls – part of the lateral

force resisting system.

 Thickness should not be less than 150mm

 To avoid lateral instability in inelastic cyclic loading

 To avoid out of plane buckling in plastic hinge regions

 Reinforcement is provided both longitudinal and

horizontal directions.

 Minimum reinforcement is .0025 of the gross area of

wall section.
 Fig. 2b. Detailing of coupling beam

Wall C.B C.B

Wall

A B A B

Diagonal Steel
forces Placement

(a) (b)

.
THANK YOU