KPTCL Pratap DT

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
WELCOME TO A PRESENTATION ON
DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION
S.PRATAP KUMAR
DIRECTOR TRANSMISSION,
KPTCL, BANGALORE
What is Distribution Automation

Function of Distribution Automation System
Remotely monitors the distribution system,

facilitates supervisory control of devices and
provides decision support tools to improve the
system performance
• SCADA
(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)
• Application Functions
What is Distribution Automation ?

• “A set of technologies that enable an electric utility to remotely monitor, coordinate and
operate distribution components in a real-time mode from remote locations” - (IEEE
definition)
• DA is an umbrella concept that embraces all the other real-time and

operational functions for the distribution network
Distribution Management (DMS)
Substation
Automation (SA) Meter
Reading
(AMR)
Feeder
Automation (FA)
Need for Automation and Current trends

What you get out of Automation

With... …you receive ..which results to
Remote Control Fast outage / fault Shorter outage

management times
Fault indication Faster fault Shorter outage

management times
Protection Actual current seen PM analysis

by relay
Measurements More information Accurate network

from network analysis
Quality monitoring Information on Improved quality of

problem areas power
Condition Service information of Reduced maintenance

monitoring switches intervals
Automation Systems and Functionality

Automation Systems – Distribution Utilities

• SCADA
• Distribution Management System (DMS)
• Geographical Information System (GIS)
• Automatic Meter Reading System (AMR)
• Outage Management System (OMS)
• Communication Systems
• Billing and Business Process Automation
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems

Automation Systems – Description
• Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA)

– Develop and integrate Real-time SCADA systems
• Distribution Management Systems (DMS)

– Solutions for DMS systems for distribution utilities for
faster Fault Location, Isolation and Supply Restoration
(FLISR) and reduction in downtime
• Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

– GIS systems for asset management
Automation Systems – Description
• Automatic Meter Reading System
– Solutions for AMR systems for energy auditing

– High end consumer load profile monitoring
– Integrated with billing and other processes to reduce
cycle time
• Communication System
– Fibre Optic (SCADA on Fibre; Pilot for DMS completed)

– Mobile – CDMA / GSM / GPRS
– VSAT / Low Power Radio
– Wimax (Pilot under progress)
SCADA/DMS Functionalities
• Monitoring and Control of EHV and HV network
• Distribution Network Power Flow

– To execute real-time power flow studies for optimal
switching
• Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)

– To determine the location of feeder faults
– Recommend actions to isolate the faulty sections & restore
supply to the healthy sections of feeders
• Switching Procedure Management

– To execute switching orders and inverted switching orders
• Voltage and VAR Control
– For optimal switching of Capacitor banks and OLTC control
SCADA/DMS Functionalities
• Outage Management System (OMS)

– Keep records of forced and planned outages
• Load shedding and restoration
• Short Term Load Forecasting and Calculation of Quality Service

Indices
• Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration (OFR)

– Judicious network switching to reduce losses and voltage
problems
• Energy Balance
- Gives insight into the energy flow and losses in the network
Typical Integrated Solution – Distribution Utility
Status data
CIS Customer Maps, Equipment
(Customer Data Data
Information System) GIS
Trouble tickets Outage
Data
Equipment Data
SCADA/DMS
System & Equipment

Load Profiles faults,
Switching counts
ERP system
AMR (SAP R/3)
(Automatic Meter Billing & Settlement
Reading System)
Key Design Parameters – SCADA/DMS system

• User Interface Response Time
• Communication Media
• Type, Frequency and Quantity of Data Flow
• Data flows between different elements of the SCADA / DMS network
• RTU – SCADA / DMS communication
• High load and Burst load scenarios
• Hardware sizing (SCADA / DMS servers, RTU)
• Scalability for future expansion
• Data flows between SCADA / DMS and other IT systems

Levels of Automation
Substation Level Automation
Feeder Level Automation
Customer Level Automation

Operational problems and Potential Applications of DAS
• Fault location, isolation and Service Restoration

• Maintaining good voltage profile
• Load Balancing
• Load Control
• Metering
• Maintaining Maps
• Fuse-off call operations
• Energy accounting
Recent Buzz words !!

Outage Management
Customer Information Management
Candidate Distribution Automation Functions
Substation Feeder Automation Customer Interface

Automation Functions Automation
Functions Functions
 Data Acquisition From:  Data Acquisition From:  Automatic Meter Reading
- Circuit Breakers - Line Reclosers  Remote Reprogramming
- Load Tap Changers - Voltage Regulators of Time-of-Use (TOU)
- Capacitor Banks - Capacitor Banks Meters
- Transformers - Sectionalizers  Remote Service
 Supervisory Control of: - Line Switches Connect/Disconnect
- Circuit Breakers - Fault Indicators  Automated Customer
- Load Tap Changers  Supervisory Control of: Claims Analysis
- Capacitor banks - Line Reclosers
 Fault Location - Voltage Regulators
 Fault Isolation - Capacitor Banks
 Service Restoration - Sectionalizers
 Substation Reactive - Line Switches
Power Control  Fault Location
 Fault Isolation
 Service Restoration
 Feeder Reconfiguration
 Feeder Reactive Power
Control
Application Functions
• Network Reconfiguration
a) Fault localization
b) Service Restoration
c) Load Balancing
• Integrated Volt-Var Control
• Remote Metering
• Automatic Load Shedding
• Load Management
• Automated Mapping and Facilities Management (AM/FM)
• Trouble Call Management System (TCMS)
• Load Survey and Energy Accounting
Network Reconfiguration - Service Restoration
• Restores service to non-faulty feeder sections by reconfiguration
• Considerations
* Presence of alternate paths

* Operation of LB switches
* Need to have remotely controllable switches
* Restoration based on
- satisfaction of current and voltage constraints
- minimum switches
- minimum losses
Network Reconfiguration - Load Balancing
• Composition and hence consumption patterns of loads on

different feeders are different
• To distribute loads among transformers/feeders
• Remote control of switches for reconfiguration

Integrated Volt-Var Control
• Applied on feeders with capacitors and voltage regulators
• Control of capacitor banks and voltage regulators
• Schedule for switching and tap control
• To meet reactive power requirements and reduce losses

Automatic Load Shedding
• Under Frequency based load shedding
• Sensing Frequency through transducers
• Load shedding based on the frequency drop, current loading

conditions and priority of the load
• Closed loop function at RTU level

Load Management - Emergency based load shedding
• Gap between power generation and load demand due to

sudden contingencies
• To shed the loads based on the relief required
• Identification of loads to be shed based on

- current load magnitudes
- priority of the load
- time when last shed
• Shed the load based on the above factors

Trouble Call Management System (TCMS)
• Responds to customer complaints
• Acceptance of interruption/restoration data from the operator
• Distribution Transformer trip/close info from SCADA
• Determination of source of interruption
• Improvement of response time to customer complaints

Load Survey and Energy Accounting
• Availability of continuous data on loads etc.,
• Determination of Load Patterns
• Data for planning
• Detection of abnormal energy consumption pattern
• Identification of high loss areas

Tangible Benefits
Substation Feeder Customer interface
Automation Automation Automation
Reduction in Capital Expenditure Reduction in O&M Costs of:
Reduction in Capital Expenditure
due to: • Regular Meter Reading
due to:
• Deferment of additional substation • Reprogramming of Meters
• Deferment of additional feeders
facilities • Service Connect/Disconnect
• Effective utilization of existing
• Effective utilization of substation • Processing of Customer Claims
feeders
facilities
Reduction in O&M Costs of Breaker
Reduction in O&M Costs of: Increased Revenue Due to:
switching for:
• Fault Location and Isolation • Reduction of System Peak Load
• Routine Operations
• Service Restoration • Tamper Detection to Reduce
• Non-Routine Operations
• Routine Switching Operations Electricity Theft
Reduction in O&M Costs of LTC • Recloser Setting • Reduced Payments for Customer
Operation for: • Recloser Testing Claims
• Routine LTC Operations • Data Collection
• Non-Routine Operations • Data Analysis
• Feeder Reconfiguration
Reduction in O&M Costs for: • Capacitor Banks Inspection
• Routine Relay Testing
• Relay Setting
Increased Revenue Due to:
Reduction in O&M Costs of: • Loss Reduction due to Feeder
• Routine Data Collection Reconfiguration
• Non-Routine Data Collection • Loss Reduction due to Capacitor
• Data Analysis Banks Automation
• Testing of Data Logging Devices • Faster Service Restoration
• Repair of Data Logging Devices
Bangalore Distribution Automation System
•
Need of Distribution Automation in Bangalore City
Load Profile of Bangalore Metropolitan Area Power Supply Reliability
• Existing Demand of Bangalore

• Metropolitan Area is 1437 MWS The present Reliability Index in Bangalore City
is 99%.
• Bangalore is the fastest Growing city
in the country Annual Average consumer hours lost due to
11kV feeder interruption - 64.57 Hours

• Studies conducted to forecast future
Load Requirement 66kV feeder / sub-station – 20.22 Hours
DTC / LT interruptions – 1.43 Hours.

• Load of Bangalore will be doubled by
• Total 86.2 Hrs/Year/Consumer
2011-12
• Projected Demand of Bangalore by

2011-12 is 2428 MWS
Need of Distribution Automation in Bangalore City

Bangalore is the most potential location for software business, IT
Enabled Services & Biotech owing to its inherent strength.
Majority of IT activity not only in the State but also in the country is
concentrated in Bangalore.
Bangalore has been at the forefront of industrial growth in India with
enterprising citizens – ideal choice for investment infrastructure.
Bangalore refer to as the Silicon Valley of India accounts for highest
software exports in the Country.
Bangalore City Contributes more than 70% of BESCOM total revenue.
Support from State Government for foreign Investment.
Electronic equipment manufacturing as well as Garment industries are
developing in Bangalore City.
In rush for investment from foreign investors.
Increased Demand from Residential Layouts
Demand due to establishing new International Airport
Scope of the Works in Bangalore DAS
• Drawing 11kV new lines with Coyote ACSR conductor to suit the overhead system for
distribution automation.
• Providing 11kV, 400 Sq mm UG/AB cable to suit the overhead system for distribution
automation.
• Retrofitting of existing RMU Operating Devices (OD) with VCB’s and providing motorized
mechanism.
• Providing motorized mechanism for Vertical Lines (VL) and OD’s of new and old RMU’s.
• Providing compact RMU’s for spur points of overhead lines.
• Providing sectionalizers with communication facility between two VL’s.
• Providing Remote Terminal Units (RTU) with communication facility at all RMU locations.
• Providing SCADA system at each of the sub-station with necessary hardware and software.
• Establishing Master Control Center at Corporate level with necessary communication,
hardware and software.

The Bangalore Distribution Automation System aims at achieving
 Control of 11 KV feeders
 Operation of line sectionalisers, motorised isolators, auto
reclosures
 Data acquisition from load end CTs and PTs
 Operation of CBs for switched capacitor banks
 Use of customized EMS Software packages with real time data
collected through RTUs
 Issue, control and receiving back of line clears, introduce interlock
and safety algorithm, password protected operating environment
 Real time logging of data / archived records of hours of
service,Equipment data base
 Integration with Geographical Information System (GIS) Software
packages
System Configuration of DAS

Integrated Distribution Automation system
•Real time control over the costly

energy sold.
• Improved efficiency results in lower

costs,
•Better reliability in power supply,

planned control actions,
•Optimum power factor, reduction in

losses.
•Improved efficiency also results in

reduction of the Green House gases and
consequent improvement in the
environment.
•Enables online energy audit (AMR

Systems) which is now receiving the
focused attention of all utilities
Project Implementation
• The project will be implemented in Phases.

• Under Phase I, as a pilot project Peenya Industrial Area, EPIP area and
Electronic city area are identified. Completion period 6 months.
• In the second Phase BESCOM is planning to take up the Distribution
Automation of the entire existing RMUs (Cable network) along with the
improvements required for overhead distribution to suit the overhead system
for Automation. Completion period 9 months.
• Under Phase III, BESCOM is planning to take up the Distribution Automation of
the entire over head network. Completion period 9 months.
• Total Cost of the Project is about 563 Crores.
• The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) is extending financial
assistance for this project

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Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

What is Distribution Automation

Function of Distribution Automation System

Remotely monitors the distribution system,

What is Distribution Automation ?

• DA is an umbrella concept that embraces all the other real-time and

Distribution Management (DMS)

Need for Automation and Current trends

What you get out of Automation

Remote Control Fast outage / fault Shorter outage

Fault indication Faster fault Shorter outage

Protection Actual current seen PM analysis

Measurements More information Accurate network

Quality monitoring Information on Improved quality of

Condition Service information of Reduced maintenance

Automation Systems and Functionality

Automation Systems – Distribution Utilities

• Distribution Management System (DMS)

• Geographical Information System (GIS)

• Automatic Meter Reading System (AMR)

• Outage Management System (OMS)

• Billing and Business Process Automation

• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems

Automation Systems – Description

• Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA)

• Distribution Management Systems (DMS)

• Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

Automation Systems – Description

• Automatic Meter Reading System

– Solutions for AMR systems for energy auditing

– Fibre Optic (SCADA on Fibre; Pilot for DMS completed)

• Distribution Network Power Flow

• Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)

• Switching Procedure Management

• Outage Management System (OMS)

• Short Term Load Forecasting and Calculation of Quality Service

• Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration (OFR)

Typical Integrated Solution – Distribution Utility

System & Equipment

Key Design Parameters – SCADA/DMS system

• Type, Frequency and Quantity of Data Flow

• Data flows between different elements of the SCADA / DMS network

• RTU – SCADA / DMS communication

• High load and Burst load scenarios

• Hardware sizing (SCADA / DMS servers, RTU)

• Scalability for future expansion

• Data flows between SCADA / DMS and other IT systems

Substation Level Automation

Feeder Level Automation

Customer Level Automation

Operational problems and Potential Applications of DAS

• Fault location, isolation and Service Restoration

Recent Buzz words !!

Candidate Distribution Automation Functions

Substation Feeder Automation Customer Interface

Network Reconfiguration - Service Restoration

• Restores service to non-faulty feeder sections by reconfiguration

* Presence of alternate paths

Network Reconfiguration - Load Balancing

• Composition and hence consumption patterns of loads on

• To distribute loads among transformers/feeders

• Remote control of switches for reconfiguration

Integrated Volt-Var Control