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Introduction to solar radiation- M Iqbal
1
Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is the amount of solar radiation received
per unit area by a surface that is always held perpendicular (or normal)
to the rays that come in a straight line from the direction of the sun at its
current position in the sky.
https://firstgreenconsulting.wordpress.com/2012/04/26/differentiate-between-the-dni-dhi-and-ghi/
2
The rate of solar energy incident on a unit area exposed normally to
rays of he sun at one astronomical unit outside the atmosphere is ISC
3
In June solstice and December solar radiation fall directly on
the Tropic of cancer and Tropic of Capricorn respectively. In
equinox radiation fall directly on Equator.
The irradiance on a horizontal surface is
Io=Ioncosθz
4
The irradiation (amount of energy) for a short period of
time, dI0 during a short period of time dt will be
dI0=IscE0cosθzdt
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝜔
=
24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑡
12
𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝜔
𝜋
5
One can now readily obtain I0, the radiation
over a period of 1hour
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
Hour angle for an hour is
24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
𝜋
Hour angle for half of an hour is
24
where ωs is in degrees
9
Calculate the extraterrestrial daily solar
irradiance on a horizontal surface over
Dhaka (23.730N) on 10 Jan.
[Isc=4871kJm-2h-1]