Project methodology

Presentation
 Proximate Analysis
• The proximate analysis of the single cell
protein meal and other practical feed stuffs
was made prior to feed formulation.
• The proximate analysis of each of these
feedstuffs for moisture, fat, and crude protein
was carried out with three replicates.
 Moisture Contents
• Moisture content was determined as the
percentage loss in weight.
• A known weight of the sample in a weighed,
dry and clean evaporated dish was oven dried
at 450c for 24 hours.
• The percentage moisture was calculated as
follow;
 Moisture contents cont.
• Moisture content of the sample = yØ – yt
yØ – X
• Where,

• X = weight of dry, clean evaporating dish

• yØ = weight of evaporating dish + sample
• yt = weight of evaporating dish + dry sample
 Experiment Diet
• Four experimental feeds
containing fishmeal which was
replaced by single cell protein
meal.
• The rate of substitution was 0, 30,
60, and 100%.
• Diets without single cell protein
meal served as control.
• Each of the experimental diets
contained 40% crude protein diet
having fish meal, cassava starch
(binder), single cell protein,
poultry meal, soybean meal
(local), corn gluten, maize,
• vegetable oil, Anti-oxidant and vitamin-
mineral premix as the ingredients.
• The feedstuffs was grinded and boiled cassava
starch was added to aid binding after which it
was then mixed to obtain a homogeneous
mass and
• introduced to flat die pelletizing machine to
produce 2mm (diameter) pellet which was
immediately oven dried (45oc for 12hours).
 Experimental Procedure
• Four feeding trials were conducted
in rectangular plastics tanks filled
with 2 ½ water from the college
hatchery, in which the water source
was bore hole.
• The fish were supplied with fresh
and clean water every day .
• Each batch of the diets made was
fed to Clarias gariepinus which was
transported live to the college
hatchery inside container (open
keg) half filled with water
• The fish was acclimated in tank for fourteen
days while being fed on commercial pelleted
diet.
• Twenty fingerlings were randomly distributed
into each plastic tank with three replicates
each.
• The fish was fed 5% body weight twice daily
(9:00a.m. and 4:00p.m.), and removed from
each tank every 7 days and batch-weighed
with an electronic balance and the amount of
feed was adjusted accordingly.
• Feeding at percentage body weight also
adjusted as the biomass of the fish increases.
• Mortality was monitored daily and recorded.
• At the beginning of the feeding trial and at the
end, composite whole fish was sacrificed by
dissecting for hematology, liver histology and
somatic indices.
 Water quality monitoring
• Water temperature and dissolved Oxygen
were measured using combined digital YSI
DO Meter (YSI, Model 57).
• pH was monitored also using an electric
pH meter (Metter Toledo, Model 320).
 Experimental Fish
• The experimental fish was Clarias gariepinus
fingerlings which was purchased from a
farmer at Abeokuta. The average starting size
was ( )of body weight
• The fish was acclimatize in a tank for two
weeks (fourteen days) before the
commencement of the feeding trial, during
this period fish was placed on commercial
catfish diets.
 Experimental design
• A complete randomized design was used in all
the experiment, where treatments was based
on diet, diet 1-4 with 3 replicates each.
• The experiment was carried out for 56 days
with regular monitoring (feeding, weighing,
changing of water and checking water
parameters).
 Diet Performance Evaluation
• Growth performance and nutrient utilization of fish
was determined in the time of final individual weight,
• survival (%),
• Specific Growth Rate (SGR%/day),
• Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR),
• Protein Efficiency Rate (PER),
• Feed intake,
• Mean Weight Gain (MWG),
• Average weight and
• metabolic growth rate responses was calculated as:
• Weight Gain (%) =
Final weight – Initial weight x 100
Initial weight

• SGR (%/day) =
Log e Final body weight- Log e initial body weight
Time (in days)

• FCR = dry weight of feed fed

Fish weight gain
• PER = Fish weight gain
Protein fed

• Average weight Gain (AWG) % = average weight

per fish stocked – average weight per fish at stocking
• Feed intake=

• Metabolic growth rate =

• Survival = Final population X 100

Initial population