Construction

Fieldworks
Construction (Field Work)
Construction fieldwork, is the actual construction of the project. Fieldwork
is broken down into building permits, subcontractors, scheduling
subcontractors, shop drawings, project submissions, and change orders.

 Building Permits
Before construction can begin, the appropriate municipality
must issue a building permit. Specifications and blueprints must be
provided to the municipality's building department, along with the
application for a permit. The period of time for a permit to be
approved can be lengthy, especially in the case of new
construction. The general contractor or owner may also be
required to submit results of soil testing, environmental impact
studies, and any other necessary testing or studies. Sometimes, a
public hearing is mandated, if there is opposition to the project. In
most cases, a permit is issued within a few months. The cost of the
permit and any related studies may be the responsibility of either
the owner or the general contractor.
 Construction projects must also follow the standards of the
applicable building code. A building inspector will be involved at
various construction stages in order to verify that the project is
being constructed according to municipal code.
 Subcontractors
Subcontractors range from a one-man operation to nationwide,
publicly traded corporations, or divisions of larger corporations.
Subcontractors are distinguished from general contractors by their
limited scope of work, which usually involves a special skill, knowledge,
or ability. Subcontractors, which include plumbers, electricians,
framers, and concrete workers, generally enter into contracts with the
general contractor and may provide the raw materials used in their
specialty areas. The general contractor, not the owner of the property,
pays the subcontractors. Materials purchased by the subcontractors
are generally delivered directly to the job site. The subcontractors'
work may either be completed in stages, or it may be continuous.
 Scheduling of Subcontractors
The general contractor schedules the subcontractor's work so
that the construction runs smoothly and is completed on schedule.
The general contractor is also responsible for scheduling the
subcontractor in such a way that one subcontractor does not hold
up another. This order on subcontractor sequencing is known as the
"critical path.“
 Shop drawings
Detailed construction and fabrication drawings that show the
proposed material, shape, size, and assembly of the parts and how the
entire unit will be installed.
 Change order
A change order is work that is added to or deleted from the
original scope of work of a contract, which alters the original contract
amount and/or completion date. A change order may force a new
project to handle significant changes to the current project.
 DIFFERENT
WORKERS IN A
CONSTRUCTIO
N SITE
1. Construction Carpenter
Carpentry typically deals with cutting, shaping, and installing
materials during the construction phase; it’s the primary hammer-and-
nail, drilling-and-sawing part of the job.
2. Construction Electrician
An electrician is a tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of buildings,
stationary machines, and related equipment. Electricians may be employed in
the installation of new electrical components or the maintenance and repair
of existing electrical infrastructure.
3. Mason
Masons are responsible for the building blocks of a construction–
literally. They’re responsible for the part of projects that involves
individual, separate pieces (which are themselves often referred to as
“masonry”). These pieces are then glued together, generally by a
substance such as mortar. Masons work with materials such as brick,
marble, and concrete blocks.
4. Plumber
A plumber is a tradesperson who specializes in installing and maintaining
systems used for potable (drinking) water, sewage and drainage in plumbing
systems.
5. Welder
A welder or lit operator is a tradesperson who specializes in fusing materials
together. The term welder refers to the operator, the machine is referred to as
the welding power supply .
6. Heavy equipment operator
A heavy equipment operator operates heavy equipment used
in engineering and construction projects. Typically only skilled
workers may operate heavy equipment, and there is specialized
training for learning to use heavy equipment.
7. Laborer
A laborer is a person who works in one of the construction trades, by
tradition, considered unskilled manual labor though in practice the laborers
are a skilled trade that has reliability and strength as core characteristics.
8. Plasterer
A plasterer is a tradesman who works with plaster, such as forming a layer
of plaster on an interior wall or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls.
The process of creating plasterwork, called plastering, has been used in
building construction for centuries.
9. Steel mans
A steel man is a person who works for processing, connecting, and
assembly of steel bars and other steel materials.
Sequence of the
actual work for
building
construction.
 1. Clear the land (which may include demolition of existing structures and
trees)
 2.Fencing
 3. Layout
 4. Excavate the land (which may include digging holes and leveling)
 5. Preparation of Foundation Base (Brick Soling, Sand filling etc)
 6. Rod Bending & Fabrication
 7. Pour the foundation
 8. Prepare the formwork and pour the column
 9. Masonry Wall
 10. Rough electrical and plumbing.
 11. Plastering
 12. Roofing
 13. Pour the flooring
 14. Door/Window Installing
 15. Installing of ceilings
 16. Installing of Floor Finish, Tiles, Mosaic etc.
 16. Paint walls (inside and out)
 SCHEDULING
OF ACTIVITIES
IN A
CONSTRUCTION
 In project management, a schedule is a listing of
a project's milestones, activities, and deliverables, usually with
intended start and finish dates. Those items are often estimated by
other information included in the project schedule of resource
allocation, budget, task duration, and linkages of dependencies and
scheduled events. A schedule is commonly used in the project
planning and project portfolio management parts of project
management. Elements on a schedule may be closely related to
the work breakdown structure (WBS) terminal elements, the Statement
of work, or a Contract Data Requirements List.
EXAMPLE OF SHCEDULING OF ACTIVITIES IN A CONSTRUCTION