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ClickBiology • You can return to the home page by clicking on the clickbiology icon.
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ClickBiology
Plant Reproduction Home Page
1 4
2 5
Pollination Germination
3 6
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Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Click image to view a video on plant reproduction
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser
window and you can watch the video then, url:
http://vimeo.com/1594037?pg=embed&sec=1594037
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Flower structure
stigma
anther
stamen style carpel
filament ovary
ovule
petal
sepal
receptacle
peduncle
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Structure and function of the flower
stigma
anther
stamen style carpel
filament ovary
ovule
petal
sepal
receptacle
peduncle
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Flower Structure Quiz
carpel
sepal
X
stamen
peduncle
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Flower Structure Quiz
stigma
sepal
anther
ovary
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Flower Structure Quiz
petals
style
nectary
ovary
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Flower Structure Quiz
X
X = style, Y = stigma
X = filament, Y = anther
Y
X = stigma, Y = style
X = anther, Y = filament
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Pollination
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Insect-pollinated flowers are adapted to attract
insects to them to enable transfer of pollen
Pollen has
barbs for
nectar and a hooking onto
scent present insect fur
Anthers positioned
to rub pollen onto
insects
Sticky stigma
to collect pollen Brightly
coloured petals
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure
because they do not have to attract insects to
them but do need to be exposed to the wind.
Stigma are
feathery to catch
pollen carried on
wind
• Self-pollination is
not desirable as it
reduces variation
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either
having stigma above stamen or…
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
…by having stamen and stigma mature at different
times.
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Click on the icons below to view the
summary videos on pollination
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Pollination Quiz
style to stamen
ovule to filament
anther to stigma
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Pollination Quiz
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Pollination Quiz
• Cross-pollination…
Increases variation
Decreases variation
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Pollination Quiz
Having a nectary
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Fertilisation and Fruit Development
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the
pollen grain down through the style to the ovule
stigma
style
carpel
ovary
ovule
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Fertilisation occurs when the male gamete
fuses with the ovule (the female gamete)
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Watch this short introductory video to review
fertilisation (1 minute)
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser
window and you can watch the video then, url:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVhH2GPlckE
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Seed Dispersal
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Watch the video on seed dispersal
(lasts just under 10 minutes)
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new
browser window and you can watch the video then, url:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbQ1jWl3AOM
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After fertilisation the petals, stamen and sepals fall off.
The ovule turns into a seed, the fertilised egg inside
develops into an embryo plant.
Cotyledon:
Testa: Food store
tough seed coat
Plumule:
Micropyle: Embryo shoot
Hole made by Embryo
pollen tube plant
Radicle:
Embryo root
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Water leaves the seed, it dehydrates and becomes
dormant because metabolic reactions stop.
The ovary develops to become a fruit.
Fleshy wall
seed of the ovary
(yes, you are
eating an
adapted ovary
when you
crunch into an
apple!
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent
plant in order to reduce competition for space,
light, nutrients and water.
• Wind
• Water
• Mechanical
• Animals
ClickBiology
Seed dispersal quiz
water
mechanical
wind
animal
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Seed dispersal quiz
mechanical
animal
water
wind
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Seed dispersal quiz
water
wind
animal
mechanical
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Seed dispersal quiz
animal
mechanical
water
wind
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Germination
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
The seed contains the embryo plant and
cotyledons (starch stores)
Testa Water enters the seed
through the micropyle
and activates enzymes.
Plumule
(embryo shoot)
Micropyle Cotyledon
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Enzymes are used in seed germination
Plumule
maltose
Radicle
This is the first part
to grow out of the
seed as it needs to
absorb more water
ClickBiology
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Whilst germinating the plant uses food stores in
the cotyledon to provide energy for growth
germination
Dry mass/g
Weight increases as
the seedling can
photosynthesise and
Dry mass is the plant grows
mass of solid
matter with all
water removed
Days
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Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
Conditions required for germination
No
oxygen
www.clickbiology.com
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