YENEPOYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Presentation on
Development Of Refrigerator Using
LPG As Refrigerant

Presented by:- INFOGRAPHIC

Guided by :-
PROF. J. W. PINTO EDUCATION
AKSHAY HADAPAD 4DM14ME004
Asst. Prof ME dept. YIT CHETHAN P A 4DM14ME013
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SACHIN S PATOLE 4DM14ME037
Dept. of ME ,YIT tinyppt.com
SHASHANK S 4DM14ME04 1
 CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
3. OBJECTIVES
4. LITERATURE SURVEY
5. METHODOLOGY
6. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
7. CONCLUSION
8. SCOPE OF PROJECT
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 0 INTRODUCTION
1
 The term ‘refrigeration’ in a broad sense is used for the process of removing heat (i.e. Cooling) from a
substance.

 When a liquid vaporizes rapidly, it expands quickly, the rising modules of vapor were abruptly
increasing their kinetic energy and this increase is drawn from the intermediate surroundings of the
vapor. These surroundings are therefore cooled.

 Now a days common refrigerants like R12, R134a and R22 are widely used for refrigeration.In India,
more than 80% of the domestic refrigerator utilize HFC 134a as refrigerant, due to its excellent
thermodynamic and thermo physical properties.

 When people hear the word refrigeration they immediately think of the refrigerator in their kitchen but
there is a particular type of refrigeration is industrial refrigeration.

 But, HFC 134a has a high global warming potential (GWP) of 1300.Hydrocarbon INFOGRAPHICrefrigerants;
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particularly LPG serves as the best contender to replace HFC’s from domestic refrigerator as well as car
air conditioners. designed by

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 Problem Statement.
 Ozone depletion and global warming require replacement of chloro-fluoro-carbon refrigerants
like R12.

CFCs are principally destroyed by ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere; the chlorine released in
the high stratosphere catalyzes the decomposition of ozone to oxygen, and ultraviolet radiation
penetrates to lower altitudes.

HFC R134a and the HC blend have been reported to be substitutes for CFC R12, but they have
their own drawbacks in energy efficiency, flammability and service ability aspects of the systems.

Table 1: Environmental impacts of refrigerants (100 year basis).

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 OBJECTIVES

1. The aim of this project is to development of refrigeration system using LPG

(Liquefied petroleum gas) instead of CFC-R12(Chloro-fluoro-carbon) etc.
2. Supply of electricity is still not available in several areas of the country and world,
hence to provide portable and non-electric refrigerator [2].
3. A liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is locally available which comprises of 24.4%
propane, 56.4% butane and 17.2% isobutene which is varied from company to
company

4. The LPG is cheaper and possesses an environmental friendly nature with no Ozone
Depletion Potential (ODP) and no Global Warming Potential (GDP).
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 LITRATURE SURVEY

N. Satwik and B. Satosh Kumar submitted a paper on Refrigeration System using LPG
(Liquefied petroleum gas) after their study on “LPG REFRIGERATION” ,and concluded the
following.
• Refrigerating effect is produced with the use of LPG. When the regulating valve is fully
1.
open then the evaporator temperature downs from 35 ͦ C to 5 ͦ C in 30 minutes.
• The capillary tube is more suitable throttling device in LPG refrigeration system. This
system is cheaper at initial as well as running cost.
• This system is most suitable for hotel, industries, refinery, chemical industries where
consumption of LPG is very high [1].

I. L. Maclaine-cross E.Leonardi studied Performance and Safety of LPG Refrigerants and

concluded that :

• LPG refrigerants occur naturally and cause no ozone depletion and negligible global warming.
2.
• Initially R290 can replace R22 and LPG mixtures replace R12 and R134a. INFOGRAPHIC
• LPG refrigerants have superior properties often giving 10 to 20% energy savings. EDUCATION
• LPG can be used a refrigerant.
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 INFOGRAPHIC
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Author
1. N. Satwik and B. Satosh Kumar
2. I. L. Maclaine-cross E. Leonardi
Title
LPG REFRIGERATION • Refrigerating effect is produced with the
use of LPG. When the regulating valve is
fully open then the evaporator
temperature downs from 35 ͦ C to 5 ͦ C in
30 minutes.
• The capillary tube is more suitable
throttling device in LPG refrigeration
system. This system is cheaper at initial
as well as running cost.
• This system is most suitable for hotel,
industries, refinery, chemical industries
where consumption of LPG is very high
[1].
Safety of LPG Refrigerants • Refrigerating effect is produced with the
use of LPG. When the regulating valve is
fully open then the evaporator
temperature downs from 35 ͦ C to 5 ͦ C in
30 minutes.
• The capillary tube is more suitable
throttling device in LPG refrigeration
system. This system is cheaper at initial
INFOGRAPHIC
as well as running cost.
• This systemEDUCATION
is most suitable for hotel,
industries, refinery, chemical industries
designed
where consumption of LPGbyis very high
[1].
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 LITRATURE REVIEW

Eric Granryd [2] et.al Studied different hydrocarbons as working medium in

refrigeration system. 3.
He showed the properties of hydrocarbons that make the refrigerating alternatives for
energy efficient and eco friendly.
He studied the different safety standards related to these refrigerants. Due to
flammability, safety precaution should be taken.

Ju Hyok Kim,Jin Min Cho, Min Soo Kim [5] et.al, have worked on cooling performance of several
CO2 or propane mixtures and glide matching with secondary heat transfer fluid.
It shows that CO2 or propane mixtures are the possibility in keeping the highest pressure of the
system below a limit by selecting the composition.
4.
The discharge pressure of CO2 or propane mixtures is reduced with increasing mole fraction of INFOGRAPHIC
propane and their reduced values coincide approximately with the circulation concentrations of EDUCATION
propane. Propane is the refrigerant having a higher refrigerating effect and a much lower vapour
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density than CO2, adding propane to CO2 improves the efficiency and reduces the cooling
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Components

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1. LPG Gas Cylinder

• LPG is general composition of two gases

mainly Propane (C3H8) and Butane
(C4H10).
• LPG is stored in a cylinder at about 12.5
bars.
• LPG is used as a fuel for industrial,
horticultural, cooking, agricultural, heating
and drying processes.
• LPG can be used as a fuel for automobiles.

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LPG Gas Cylinder
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2. Capillary Tube
• The capillary tube is the commonly used
throttling device in the domestic refrigeration.
• A capillary tube is of copper having a small
bore diameter. It reduces the pressure of liquid
refrigerant from condenser pressure to
evaporator pressure when connected to a liquid
line.
• The length of capillary tube is greater when the
evaporator pressure is lower. The capillary tube
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is a simple device with no moving part. EDUCATION
Capillary Tube
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3. Evaporator

• The cooling effect is produced by passing

the refrigerant through evaporator coil.
• Evaporator acts as heat exchanger surface.
• The refrigerant is passed through the
capillary tube at very low temperature and
pressure to the evaporators.
• In large refrigeration system the application
of evaporators is mainly for chilling water,
thus shell and tube type heat exchangers are
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used as evaporator. EvaporatorEDUCATION
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4. Pressure Gauge

• The most commonly used mechanical gauge is

Bourdon type pressure gauge.
• It is a stiff, flattened metal tube bent into a circular
shape.
• The fluid whose pressure is to be measured is inside
the tube.
• The inward and outward movement of free end moves
a pointer.
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• These gauges are available in the different ranges of
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Pressure Gauge
pressure. designed by

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5. High Pressure Pipes

• High Pressure Pipe When there is a need of

transferring gas at high pressure.
• It consists of a steel pipe with steel spheres fixed at
both the terminals.

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High Pressure Pipes
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 METHODOLOGY

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Fig :- Schematic diagram of working of LPG refrigerator designed by

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 METHODOLOGY
1.The basic idea behind LPG refrigeration is to use the evaporation of a LPG to absorb heat. The
simple mechanism of the LPG refrigeration working is shown in figure.

2.LPG is stored in the LPG cylinder under high pressure. When the gas tank of regulators is
opened then high pressure LPG passes in gas pipe. This LPG is going by high pressure gas pipe in
capillary tube

3.High pressure LPG is converted in low pressure at capillary tube with enthalpy remains
constant
After capillary tube, low pressure LPG is passed through evaporator.

4.LPG is converted into low pressure and temperature vapour from and passing through the
evaporator which absorbs heat from the chamber. Thus the camber becomes cools down.
Thus we can achieve cooling effect in refrigerator.
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5.After passing through the evaporator low pressure LPG is passed through pipe by burner. And
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we can uses the low pressure of LPG is burning processes. designed by

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Results
The experiment of this project was done on April 23, 2018 at 12.00p.m. And reading were taken under ten
minute’s interval which are under as follow:
SL NO Time Pressure in Pressure in Chamber Temp.
Interval bar bar ( ºC )
(min) (Inlet) (Outlet)

1 10 6.7 1.2 35.0

2 10 6.6 1.3 33.8
3 10 6.8 1.2 31.4
4 10 6.7 1.0 27.5
5 10 6.6 1.0 25.1
6 10 6.7 0.9 21.9
7 10 6.7 0.9 19.9
8 10 6.8 1.0 16.7
9 10 6.6 1.0 12.2 INFOGRAPHIC
10 10 6.7 0.9 10.3 EDUCATION
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 GRAPH

TEMP

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 FUTURE SCOPE
An introduction of new product in the field of refrigeration is expected and to give out positive result
with this normal product.
 The main aim is to focus on restaurant and community program hall, mid-day meal of school so to
preserve food products like vegetables, milk etc.

 The mine, desert and research areas and countries where lack of electricity this product might be
beneficial. This product can also hold good application in an LPG car air conditioning.

 The pressure energy of LPG is very high as it can be compressed up to 12.5 bars and hence this pressure
energy of LPG can be used for refrigeration by usage of this LPG system is also very low.
 We can develop a Eco-friendly and efficient refrigerator which go ahead than the normal product and
introduce a new product range in the field of refrigeration.

 We can achieve less cost refrigeration in a compact system. INFOGRAPHIC

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 It can also be useful in remote areas where electricity is not available and chemical industry ,fisheries
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 CONCLUSION

1. After performing this project “LPG Refrigeration”, we conclude that refrigeration effect is produced with
the use of LPG.
2. From observation table, we conclude that, the regulating valve is fully open that, we achieve the chamber
temperature down from 38ºC to 10ºC in a 100 minute. We achieve the evaporator temperature down from
1ºC to -9.3ºC in a same time interval.
3. We put the water in one plastic bottle in the evaporator. The initial temperature of water is 35 ºC. From
observation table, we conclude that, the condition of regulating valve is fully opened, the same time
period we achieve the temperature of water is 0.30 ºC.
4. We also conclude that, the capillary tube is maximum pressure of gas cylinder is reduces the less then of
1 psi. The capillary tube is more suitable throttling device in LPG refrigeration system.
5. This system is cheaper in initial as well as running cost. It does not require an external energy sources to
run the system and no moving part in the system so maintenance is also very low.
6. We also conclude that, we try the burnt to the exhaust LPG, the pressure of exhaust gas is less than 1 psi,
the small flame produce by the burner. INFOGRAPHIC
7. This system most suitable for hotel, industries, refinery, chemical industries whereEDUCATION
consumption of LPG
is very high. designed by

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 REFRENCES
1. N. Satwik And B. Satosh Kumar, Refrigeration System By Using LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
International Journal & Magazine Of Engineering Technology, Management And Research (ISSN
No.2348-4845).
2. I. L. Maclaine-Cross E.Leonardi, Thesis Performance And Safety Of LPG Refrigerants,School Of
Mechanical And Manufacturing Engineering The University Of New South Wales Sydney NSW,
Australia2052

3. Mao-Gang He, Tie-Chen Li, Zhi-Gang Liu, and Ying Zhang, “Testing of the mixing refrigerants
HFC152a/HFC125 in domestic refrigerator,” Applied Thermal Engineering 25, pp. 1169–1181, 2005
4. R. W. James and J. F. Missenden “The use of propane in domestic refrigerators ,” Institute of
Environmental Engineering, Borough Road, South Bank Polytechnic, London,SE1 0AA, UK, Received
10 July 1990; revised 8 October 1991
5. Man-Hoe Kim, Byung-Han Lim, Euy-Sung Chu, “The performance analysis of a hydrocarbon
refrigerant R600a in a household refrigerator/freezer‖,” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,
Volume 12, Number 4 / July, 2008, pages 753-760. INFOGRAPHIC
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6. M. Rasti , M.S. Hatamipour , S.F. Aghamiri , M. Tavakoli . Chem. Eng. Dept., University of Isfahan,
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Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran bR&D Dept., Entekhab Industrial Group, Isfahan, Islamic byof
Republic
Iran. tinyppt.com
7. A.Baskaran & P.Koshy Mathews, “A Performance Comparison of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Using
Eco Friendly Refrigerants of Low Global Warming Potential,” International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications.
8. James M. Calm, “Emissions and environmental impacts from air-conditioning and refrigeration systems,”
International Journal of Refrigeration 25, pp. 293–305, 2012.
9. Karanpal Singh, “Performance Analysis of Refrigeration System Using LPG as Refrigerant,” IJLTEMAS, Volume
III, Issue VII, July 2014.
10.Deokate S.M, “A Study Paper on LPG as an Alternative Refrigerant for Refrigeration” International Journal of
Current Engineering and Technology, Oct 2016.
11. Mr. Shubham P. Duddalwar, “A REVIEW ON LPG AS A REFRIGERENT,” International Journal of Research In
Science & Engineering, 2015
12.Dr. Ajeet Kumar Rai, “Performance Evaluation of Domestic Refrigerator working with LPG,” International Journal
of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 5, May-2016
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