eFigure 26.0.

1 Schematic drawing of the cardiac cycle in systole and diastole with left ventricular (LV) and left atrial pressures and LV volumes. Diastole is
divided into two phases: an isovolumic relaxation period from aortic valve closure (AVC) to mitral valve opening (MVO) when the LV pressure falls with no
change in volume; and an auxotonic period from MVO to mitral valve closure (MVC) when the LV volume increases with a variable increase in pressure
and includes a rapid filling phase, slow filling, and atrial filling. AVO, aortic valve opening. (From Zile MR. Diastolic dysfunction: detection, consequences,
Figure 88.2 The Frank-Starling mechanism is altered in heart failure. The failing ventricle is unable to respond to an increase in preload with a normal increase
in left ventricular stroke work. CHF, congestive heart failure.