AIRPORT SERVICES & FACILITIES

What is an AIRPORT?

• A public facility where aircraft can take off and

land.
• Consists of runways, taxiways, aprons and
other facilities.
• Usually owned and/or operated by the
national government.
• Private airports
Airport
• An airport is a location where aircraft such
as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, take off and
land.
• Aircraft may be stored or maintained at an airport.
• An airport consists of at least one surface such as
runway for a plane to take off and land, a helipad,
on land or water for takeoffs and landings, and
often includes buildings such as control towers,
hangars and terminal buildings.
What means by AIRPPORT

• An airport is a location where aircraft such as

airplanes, helicopters take off and land.
• Aircraft may also be stored or maintained at
an airport.
• An airport should have runway for takeoffs
and landings, buildings such as hangars and
terminal buildings.
Definition

• AIRFIELD is an area where an

aircraft can land and take off, which
may or may not be equipped with
any navigational aids or markings.
Many grass strips are also
designated as airfields.
What is Aerodromes?

• AERODROMES
• A defined area on land or water (including any
buildings, installations and equipment) intended to
be used either wholly or in part for the arrival,
departure and surface movement of aircraft.

7
What means by AIRPPORT

• An airport is a facility where

passengers connect from ground
transportation to air transportation.
Airlines

• An organization that provides

scheduled flights for passengers
or cargo.
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES

• Air traffic services help in navigating aircraft while

landing, taking off, flying in the air, over-flying
any country, taxing on the ground and parking

• They provide a discipline in the air and also on the

ground and maintain safety

• The services are provided by using modern

equipment including radars
REGULATION AND POLICIES

The International Civil Aviation

Organization (ICAO).
The International Civil Aviation
Organization

• The International Civil Aviation Organization

(ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, codifies
the principles and techniques of international air
navigation and fosters the planning and
development of international air transport to
ensure safe and orderly growth.
REGULATION AND POLICIES

IN TUNISIA:
• General Department of Civil Aviation
(DGAC)

• Civil Aviation and Airport Agency

(OACA)
DGAC Documents

A.I.P
Aeronautical Information
Publication
Airports

International
Airports

Types of
Airports

Domestic Regional
Airports Airports
International Airports
• An international airport has direct service
to many other airports.
• Handle scheduled commercial airlines
both for passengers and cargo.
• Many international airports also serve as
"HUBS", or places where non-direct flights
may land and passengers switch planes.
International Airports
• Typically equipped with customs and
immigration facilities to handle
international flights to and from other
countries.
• Such airports are usually larger, and often
feature longer runways and facilities to
accommodate the large aircraft. (FBO,
MRO etc..)
 O’Hare International Airport –
Chicago, Illinois, United States
London Heathrow Airport –
United Kingdom
Beijing Capital International
Airport – China
Hong Kong International Airport – Chek Lap Kok,
Hong Kong
Incheon International Airport
Domestic Airports
• A domestic airport is an airport which handles
only domestic flights or flights within the
same country.
• Domestic airports don't have customs and
immigration facilities and are therefore
incapable of handling flights to or from a
foreign airport.
• These airports normally have short runways
which are sufficient to handle short/medium
haul aircraft.
 Regional Airports

• A regional airport is an airport serving traffic

within a relatively small or lightly populated
geographical area.
• A regional airport usually does not have customs
and immigration facilities to process traffic
between countries.
• Aircraft using these airports tend to be smaller
business jets or private aircraft (general
aviation).
Airport Ownerships
• Most of the world’s airports are owned by
government bodies who then lease the airport to
private corporations who oversee the airport’s
operation.
• OACA responsibility is to focus on the operations,
management and maintenance of Tunisia airports.
• The core activities include the management,
operation and maintenance as well as development
of airports, with primary importance being placed
on the operational efficiency, safety and security of
passengers, cargo and aircraft operations.
How are airports managed?

• There are several divisions to manage each sub

organizations at an airport.
• These divisions including
• Airport operation services (security, fire & rescue
& maintenance)
• Airport planning and development (engineering)
• Airport financial (revenues, business)
• The primary objective of each division is to ensure
the operational efficiency, safety and security of
passengers, cargo and aircraft operations.
Airport Structure
Airport Components

• Airspace : Area for aircraft maneuver (after takeoff,

before landing)
• Airfield = Aerodromes : Area for aircraft take-off &
landing (equipped with required installations &
equipments, NavAids, Lighting)
• Landside : Area to accommodate the ground-based
vehicles, passengers & cargo movements.
• Airport Ground Access Plans: Area to accommodate
ground based vehicles to and from the near city area &
between the various buildings around the airport.
Airport Structure

• Airports are divided into landside and airside

areas.
• Landside areas include parking lots, public
transportation train stations and access roads.
• Airside areas include all areas accessible to
aircraft, including runways, taxiways and
ramps. Access from landside areas to airside
areas is tightly controlled at most airports.
Airport Structure

• Passengers on commercial flights access airside

areas through terminals, where they can purchase
tickets, clear security, check or claim luggage
and board aircraft through gates.
• The waiting areas which provide passenger
access to aircraft are typically called concourses,
although this term is often used interchangeably
with terminal.
Airport Structure

• The area where aircraft park next to a terminal

to load passengers and baggage is known as a
ramp (or "the tarmac").
• Parking areas for aircraft away from terminals
are called aprons.
• Airports can be towered or non-towered,
depending on air traffic density and available
funds. Due to their high capacity and busy
airspace, many international airports have air
traffic control located on site.
Airport Structure

• Airports with international flights have

customs and immigration facilities.
• International flights often require a higher
level of physical security, although in
recent years, many countries have adopted
the same level of security for international
and domestic travel.
AIRPORT STRUCTURES

AIRSIDE AREAS:
• Runways
• Taxiways
• Ramps / apron
 Runways
• A runway (RWY) is a strip of land on an
airport, on which aircraft can take off and land.
• A runway is the area where an aircraft lands or
takes off.
• It can be grass, or packed dirt, or a hard surface
such as asphalt or concrete.
• Runways have special markings on them to
help a pilot in the air to tell that it is a runway
(and not a road) and to help them when they
are landing or taking off.
• Runway markings are white.
 Runways
• Most runways have numbers on the end. The number is
the runway's compass direction. (For example, runway
numbered 36 would be pointing north or 360 degrees).
• Some airports have more than one runway going in the
same direction, so they add letters to the end of the
number R for right, C for center, and L for left.
• The other end of the runway is pointing in the opposite
direction, so it gets a different number. The runway
called 36 would be called 18 (for 180 degrees) if you
were looking at it from the other end.
Runways

• Runways may have other markings besides the

end number on them.
• They may have white stripes down the middle of
them, and solid white lines on the edges.
• The most important thing for you to remember
about a runway is that it is meant for aircraft use,
so you should never drive your vehicle on it,
unless you are authorized to do so.
Taxiway & A/C Stands

• A taxiway is a path on an airport connecting

runways with ramps, hangars, terminals and
other facilities. They mostly have hard surface
such as asphalt or concrete, although smaller
airports sometimes use gravel or grass.
• An aircraft Stand is a portion of an apron
designated as a parking for aircraft to embark
or disembark passengers, to refuel or to be
maintained.
hangar apron
 AIRPORT STRUCTURES

LAND SIDE:
• Public transport
stations
• Access Roads
• Parkings
 TYPES OF AIRPORTS

• Towered
• Non-Towered

• The TOWER controls

the air traffic and
monitors the
departure / arrival
of aircrafts
• Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by
ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the
ground and in the air.
Concourse / Terminal
 Concourse / Terminal
• An airport terminal is a building at an airport where
passengers transfer between ground transportation and
the facilities that allow them to board and disembark
from aircraft.
• Within the terminal, passengers purchase tickets,
transfer their luggage, and go through security.
• The buildings that provide access to the airplanes (via
gates) are typically called concourses. However, the
terms "terminal" and "concourse" are sometimes used
interchangeably.
 Terminal Building
Terminal
A building to facilitate the
passengers & baggage
movements from the landside
to the aircraft on airside.
Concourse
• Open space or hall in
passenger terminal, used for
circulation or waiting.
Denver International Airport,
Concourse B
 Function of Terminal Building

• To provide various facilities for crews & passengers

move from aircraft or onto aircraft efficiently.

Examples:
• Transportation change (ex: from train to plane, from car
to plane).
• Ticketing process
• Customs clearance & immigration control
• Shopping, toilets, eating, meeting, business &
conference
Airport Terminal Design

• Pier/Finger
• Satellite
• Semicircular
• Transporter
Central terminal with
pier/finger
• Advantages: • Disadvantages:
Centralized Facilities • Congestion in the terminal
at peak times.
• Long walking distance
from terminal to gate.
 Central terminal with
Satellite
Offer high aircraft capacity and simplicity of design.
But, long distance from the check-in counter to the gate.
Need high speed escalators, monorails or electric-powered
carts to reduce walking distances.
Transporter terminal
 Passengers are transported to and from the building to
the parked airplane.
Semicircular Terminal

Advantages:
• Short distance
• Low cost construction

Incheon Airport
What passengers expect from the terminal

Short
walking
Distances

Convenience and comfort

Clear Signage
What passengers expect from the terminal

Good airport shopping &

eating facilities

Short Queues
What passengers expect from the terminal

What passengers expect from the terminal ?

• Easy Access from road or rail
• Efficient Baggage Delivery
• Full range of services
• Convenient parking, ground transportation
• Clean building
• Simple procedures that are not confusing
• Safe & Secure Environment
Baggage Handling System

Functions : Moving passengers baggage

• From the check in area to the departure area
• From one gate to another during transfers
• From the arrival gate to the baggage-claim area.
Goals of the systems

Faster
Safe
 3 Methods of Moving Bags
• Tug & Cart
• Labor intensive
• Manual Method

• Telecars
• Multiple baggage pieces in one cart
• Not automatically sorted
• Typically used in automated systems

• DCV – Destination Coded Vehicles

• Each cart contains a single piece of baggage
• Automatically sorted
• Little or no human interaction required
Baggage Handling Basics

• DCVs = Destination-coded vehicles

• Conveyors- Like a local ‘roads’
• Automatic Scanner=scan the labels on the baggage
• Baggage-Like a Passenger
Baggage Handling Process

• Check-in: Agents put tag on baggage

• Bag’s owner, Flight number, Final destination,
Intermediate connections and airlines

• Automated bar code scanner

• After reading the bar-code, the system will
know where that bag is at all times.
• Hundred of computers keep tack of the bag.
 Baggage Handling Process
• Conveyors
• Hundreds of conveyors with junctions connecting all of
them
• Sort all of the bags from all of the different airlines and
send them to DCVs that are headed to the proper
terminal and gate

• DCVs –Destination Coded Vehicles

• Headed to proper destination
• Move bag quickly (5 times faster than conveyors)
• Tracked by computers
IMMIGRATION

• Responsible for
the ADMISSION
and REMOVAL of
travelers entering
the country.
 AIRPORT CUSTOMS

• An authority or
agency responsible
for the collection of
duties & for
controlling the flow
of people, animals &
goods in and out of
the country.
PRE-SECURITY ZONES

• Check-In Counters
• Retail Stores and Restaurants
POST SECURITY ZONES

• Duty Free Shops

• Airport Lounges
• Baggage Claim
PASSENGER FACILITIES
• Banks, Money Changers,
& ATMs
• Baggage Handling
Services (Portage)
• Public Telephone
Booths
• Medical Clinics
• Postal Services
• Parking
PASSENGER FACILITIES

• Special Assistance
Services;
• Tourist Information
• Ground Transportation
Services
AIRPORT AREAS
AIRPORT AREAS
INSIDE THE AIRPORT
INSIDE THE AIRPORT
INSIDE THE AIRPORT
INSIDE THE AIRPORT
Chocks
TOW TRUCK / PUSHBACK TUG
TOW BAR / PUSHBACK PINS
MARSHALLER AND FOLLOW ME VAN
CRASH TENDER / FOAM TENDER /
FIRE ENGINE
FUEL (REFUELING) TRUCK /
REFUELER
FUEL DISPENSER / PUMP VEHICLE
AIRSTAIRS / MOBILE PASSENGER STAIRS
BAGGAGE TRUCK (TRAIN) / BAGGAGE TRAILER
BAGGAGE CARTS
Belt Loader / Conveyor
belt
TOWABLE POWER UNIT
CATERING TRUCK
Container transporter
Lavatory Service Truck
Deicer
Air Traffic Control
 Step 7:Landing
The pilot receives clearance from the Local
Controller in the airport's control tower to
land on a designated runway.

Upon touching down, the flight is then handed

off to Ground Control.

 The Ground Controller directs the pilot across

the taxiways to its destination gate at the
terminal.
The End