SOFTWARE

QUALITY
ASSURANCE.....
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PDCA Cycle

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The ascending spiral

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PDCA Cycle....

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Cost of quality
▪ As per Crosby the most meaningful
measurement of quality is the cost of
quality and the emphasis on the
improvement activities in the
organization is therefore to reduce the
cost of poor quality(COPQ)

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Cost of quality
Type of Cost Description

Cost External This includes the cost of external failure and includes
engineering repair, warranties and a customer
support function.

Cost Internal This includes the internal failure cost and include the
cost of reworking and re-testing of any defects found
internally.

Cost Prevention This includes the cost of maintaining a quality

system to prevent the occurrence of problems and
includes the cost f software quality assurance, the
cost of training etc.
Cost Appraisal This includes the cost of verifying the conformance
of a product to the requirements and includes the 6
cost of provision of software inspections and testing
processes.
Cost of quality

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Quality Control Vs Quality
Assurance………
Quality Control
Quality control includes all the tactical
activities necessary to produce a
quality product or service.
Quality control focuses on identifying
problems after they occur
Quality control is a part of whole process.
Focuses on preventing defect. Quality
Assurance is a proactive process and is
Prevention in nature. It recognizes flaws in
the process. Quality Assurance has to
complete before Quality Control.
Quality Assurance
Quality assurance looks at quality from a
strategic prospective.
Quality assurance is a process for
preventing problems from occurring in the
first place.
Quality assurance covers much more
broader area from development to
production to sales
focuses on identifying defect. Quality
Control is a reactive process and is
detection in nature.. It recognizes the
defects. Quality Control has to complete
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after Quality Assurance.
Quality Attributes…

The FURPS model was conceives as a means to define functional and non-functional software

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FURPS

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Functions of SQA…

Maintaining the quality of the system as per the specification and business requirements.

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SQA and SDLC

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SQA and SDLC

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TQM- Historical Development of TQM.

As per A.V.

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TQM

▪ Taichi Ohno is credited as the initiator

of Toyota production systems, is
credited with the concept of three M’s
– Muda, Muri and Mura.
▪ Phillip B Crosby is famous about his
concept of Do it Right the First
Time.

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Basic Concepts  of TQM

Total Quality management is defined as a continuous effort by the management as well as empl

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TQM- Key Elements:

I. Foundation – It
includes: Ethics, Integrity
and Trust.
II. Building Bricks – It
includes: Training,
Teamwork and
Leadership.
III. Binding Mortar – It
includes:
Communication.
IV. Roof – It includes:
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Recognition. 7
Leadership and TQM

▪ “Leadership is a continuous
management emphasis on sound
planning, rather than reaction to
failures. Management must maintain a
constant focus and lead the quality
effort”.- Feigenbaum.

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TQM Leadership Principles…

The essential characteristics of a quality

leader may be summarized as:-
▪ Specific vision:- Clarity of thought
▪ Enthusiasm:-Motivation of the self
▪ Integrity:-self knowledge, self control and unbiased
▪ Commitment:-Commitment to quality achievement
▪ Curiosity:- Willingness to learn
▪ Courage:- Willingness to take calculated risk
▪ Empower:-Delegate rather than direct the employee
▪ Recognition and reward the team work
▪ Sense of honour 1
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▪ Communicative
Leadership and TQM

Fledler’s

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Software quality infrastructure
components

Infrastructure components are the main tools employed to prevent s

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Software quality infrastructure
components

The infrastructure components are:

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Staff training and certification

The main objectives of training and certification:

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The training and certification process

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Preventive and corrective actions

These activities are not intended to deal with immediate correction of detected defects but to eli

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The corrective and preventive actions
process

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Software Configuration Management

Software Configuration Management (SCM)

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Why is it needed?

Software changes constantly.

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Configuration Management Cycle

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Importance -Code of Ethics and
Conduct. Indian Software Industry
Perspective,

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C-LIFE
Client Value

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ETHICS IN BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

Preventing Corruption

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