CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS –BRICKWORK

BY

P.M.MEHAR
Overview

Brick masonry
 Stone masonry & Brick masonry
Masonry is used to indicate the art of
building structures in either stones or
bricks .
The former type is called the stone
masonry
The latter type is called the brick masonry

3
Composition of brick earth

4
LOGO
Silica

5
LOGO
Harmful ingredient in
brickearth

6
LOGO
Harmful ingredient in
brick earth

7
LOGO
 MANUFACTURING OF BRICKS
 : -In the process of manufacturing bricks, the following
four distinct operations are involved:
 1. Preparation of clay
 2. Molding
 3. Drying
 4. Burning
 1. Preparation of clay:
 1).Unsoiling 2)Digging. 3)Cleaning.
4)Weathering. 5) Blending. 6)Tempering.

8
LOGO
Manufacturing of bricks

9
LOGO
Manufacturing of
bricks

10
LOGO
Manufacturing of
bricks

11
LOGO
Manufacturing of brick

12
LOGO
MOULDING

13
LOGO
HAND MOULDING

14
LOGO
GROUND MOULDED BRICKS

15
LOGO
TABLE MOULDED BRICKS

16
LOGO
MACHINE MOULDING

17
LOGO
DRYING

18
LOGO
NATURAL DRYING

19
LOGO
ARTIFICIAL DRYING

20
LOGO
BURNING

21
LOGO
BURNING

22
LOGO
23
LOGO
CLAMPS BURNING

24
LOGO
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
CLAMP BURNING

25
LOGO
KILN

26
LOGO
INTERMITTENT KILNS

27
LOGO
28
LOGO
29
LOGO
30
LOGO
31
LOGO
32
LOGO
Qualities of good bricks
 Brick should be of uniform in shape and should of
standard size of 19cmx9cmx9cm.
 Brick should give clear ringing sound when struck with
each other.
 Bricks when broken should show a bright homogenous
and compact structure free from voids.
 Bricks should have no cracks or flaws and fractured
surface should be free from holes, grit or lumps of lime
etc.
 Brick should not absorb water more than 20 per cent by
weight for first class bricks and 22 per cent by weight for
second class bricks when soaked in cold water for a
period of 24 hours.
33
Qualities of good bricks
Bricks should be sufficiently hard. No impression
should be left on brick surface when it is
scratched with finger nail.
Brick should not break when dropped on flat
hard ground from a height of about one meter.
Brick should have low thermal conductivity and it
should be sound proof.
No bricks should have crushing strength below
55 kg/ cm 2.
Bricks should be well burnt in kilns, cooper
colored, free from cracks, and with sharp and
square edges. 34
Classification of bricks
Class I bricks
 They shall have uniform color, shall be thoroughly burnt but not over burnt, shall
have plain rectangular faces with parallel sides and sharp straight edges. They
shall have fine compact and uniform texture, and emit a clear ringing sound
when struck. Water absorption capacity after 24 hours immersion in cold water is
20 per cent by weight.

Class II bricks
 They shall have uniform color and may be slightly over-burnt. The bricks may be
slightly distorted and have round edges. They shall have fine compact and
uniform texture and emit a clear ringing sound when struck with each other.
Water absorption capacity maximum after 2 hours immersion in cold water is
22% by weight.

Class III bricks

 They may be slightly under burnt and over burnt. They may be distorted and
have round edges. The defects in uniformity and shape shall not be such as to
cause difficulty in obtaining uniform course with their use. Water absorption
capacity after 24 hours immersion in cold water is 25 per cent by weight.
35
 Tests on bricks as per I.S. codes
(I.S: 1077)
Dimension test:
In this test, bricks used for construction purpose
should be of uniform shape and size with
straight edges and of same color. The standard
dimension of class I brick is 19cmx9cmx9cm.
Hardness test:
when the brick surface is scratched by finger nail
it should not leave any mark on the surface of
bricks.
Soundness test:
When two bricks facing at head to each other
are struck together they should produce metallic
ringing sound. 36
Tests on bricks as per I.S. codes
Toughness test
In this test when the bricks are dropped
from a height of 90 to 120 cm on hard
surface the brick should not be break.
Water absorption test
In this test when the bricks are immersed
in cold water for 24 hours and afterwards
checked, the brick should not absorb
water more than 20 per cent of their
weight when dry.
37
Tests on bricks as per I.S. codes
Compressive Strength
The sample of bricks shall be taken at random according to
their designation, numbers, lots and number of samples. The
sample brick shall be thoroughly wetted, the frog filled with
CM (1:3) cured for 24 hours under wet gunny bags and 3
days under water; on removal from water, the test sample
shall be wiped dry. The test sample shall be placed between
plywood sheets of 3mm thick in such a way that frog project
upward and brick correctly center in the machine. The length,
breadth of each brick, shall be measured correct to one mm.
The load shall be applied at the rate of 140 kg/sq.m. per
minute. The strength shall be worked out in kg/sq.m. as
follows :
Compressive strength in kg/ cm2 = Max. load at failure
Area of bricks

38
Special types of bricks

39
LOGO
Bunrt clay perforated bricks

40
LOGO
Bunrt clay perforated bricks

41
LOGO
42
LOGO
43
LOGO
44
LOGO
45
LOGO
46
LOGO
47
LOGO
48
LOGO
49
LOGO
50
LOGO
51
LOGO
52
LOGO
53
LOGO
54
LOGO
55
LOGO