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• Enzyme catalysis
• Other bioreactors
C
R
C R = reaction rate
C = substrate concentration
α, β = constants
Chemical Engineering Design
Enzyme Catalysis: Immobilization
• Enzymes can sometimes be
adsorbed onto a solid or
encapsulated in a gel without
losing structure. They can then
be used in a conventional fixed-
bed reactor
Product
• Enzyme catalysis
• Other bioreactors
Batch time
Chemical Engineering Design
Cell Growth and Product Formation in
Batch Fermentation
I II III IV V
• Intracellular product
Live cell concentration
accumulation is slow at
first (not many cells)
• Product accumulation
continues even after
live cell count falls
(dead cells still contain
Intracellular product
product)
concentration
Batch time
Chemical Engineering Design
Cell Growth Kinetics
• Cell growth rate defined by:
dx
g x
x = concentration of cells, g/l
t = time, s
μg = growth rate, s-1
dt
• Cell growth rate usually has similar dependence on
substrate concentration to Michaelis-Menten equation:
Monod equation:
max s s = concentration of substrate, g/l
g K = constant s
Ks s
μ = maximum growth rate, s
max
-1
d si g
maintain cell life, g of substrate/g cells.s
Yi = yield of new cells on substrate i, g of
mi x cells/g substrate
dt Yi
batch process
Batch time
Chemical Engineering Design
Exercise: Where Should We Operate?
I II III IV V
• Intracellular product,
Live cell concentration
continuous process
Batch time
Chemical Engineering Design
Exercise: Where Should We Operate?
I II III IV V
• Extracellular product,
Live cell concentration
continuous process
in Phase IV
concentration
Batch time
Chemical Engineering Design
Bioreactor Design
• Enzyme catalysis
• Other bioreactors
Sterile product
Sterile product
Condensate Steam
• Enzyme catalysis
• Other bioreactors
Foam breaker
Agitator blade
Sparger
Condensate out
Product out
4. Determine mass transfer rate and confirm adequate aeration (see Ch15 for correlations)
5. Determine heat transfer rate and confirm adequate cooling (see Ch19 for correlations)
7. Recalculate productivity allowing for non-operational time (CIP, SIP, etc.): revisit step 2 if
necessary.
• Enzyme catalysis
• Other bioreactors
Gas feed
Draft tube
Sparger