Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
• A Comprehensive Strategy-Formulation
Framework
-- Bill Saporito
Strategy Analysis & Choice
– Vision
– Mission
– Objectives
– External audit
– Internal audit
– Past successful strategies
Strategy Analysis & Choice
Competitive Profile
Matrix
Input Stage
TOWS Matrix
SPACE Matrix
Stage 2:
BCG Matrix
The Matching Stage
IE Matrix
TOWS Matrix
SPACE Matrix
Stage 2:
BCG Matrix
The Matching Stage
IE Matrix
TOWS Matrix
– Threats
– Opportunities
– Strengths
– Weaknesses
– Strengths-Opportunities (SO)
– Weaknesses-Opportunities (WO)
– Strengths-Threats (ST)
– Weaknesses-Threats (WT)
Ch 6-18
Fred R. David
WO Strategies
Improving
Threats internal
Opportunities WO weaknesses by
Weaknesses Strategies taking
Strengths advantage of
(TOWS) external
opportunities
Ch 6-19
Fred R. David
ST Strategies
Ch 6-20
Fred R. David
WT Strategies
Defensive
Threats tactics aimed at
Opportunities WT reducing
internal
Weaknesses Strategies
weaknesses
Strengths and avoiding
(TOWS) environmental
threats.
Ch 6-21
Fred R. David
TOWS Matrix
-25
The WO Strategy (mini--maxi).
• The second strategy attempts to minimize the weaknesses and to
maximize tile opportunities. A company may identify opportunities in the
external environment but have organizational weaknesses which prevent
the firm from taking advantage of market demands. For example, an auto
accessory company with a great demand for electronic devices to control
the amount and timing of fuel injection in a combustion engine, may lack
the technology required for producing these microprocessors. One
possible strategy would be to acquire this technology through cooperation
with a firm having competency in this field. An alternative tactic would
be to hire and train people with the required technical capabilities. Of
course, the firm also has the choice of doing nothing, thus leaving the
opportunity to competitors. (Backward integration)
-26
The ST Strategy (maxi-mini).
• This strategy is based on the strengths of the organization that can deal
with threats in the environment. The aim is to maximize the former while
minimizing the latter.
-27
The SO Strategy (maxi-maxi).
• Any company would like to be in a position where it can maximize both,
strengths and opportunities. Such an enterprise can lead from strengths,
utilizing resources to take advantage of the market for its products and
services. For example, Mercedes Benz, with the technical know-how and
the quality image, can take advantage of the external demand for luxury
cars by an increasingly affluent public. Successful enterprises, even if they
temporarily use one of the three previously mentioned strategies, will
attempt to get into a situation where they can work from strengths to take
advantage of opportunities. If they have weaknesses, they will strive to
overcome them, making them strengths. If they face threats, they will
cope with them so that they can focus on opportunities.
-28
An example to be shared with students
TOWS Matrix
SPACE Matrix
Stage 2:
BCG Matrix
The Matching Stage
IE Matrix
• EFE Matrix
• IFE Matrix
• Financial Strength
• Competitive Advantage
• Environmental Stability
• Industry Strength
Ch 6-37
Fred R. David
SPACE Factors
Ch 6-38
SPACE Matrix
FS
Aggressive
+6
Conservative: Backward, forward, horizontal
+5
Market penetration +4 integration
• Market penetration
• Market development +3
• Market development
+2
• Product development • Product development
+1
• Related diversification • Diversification (related or unrelated
CA IS
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -1 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
-2 Competitive
Defensive
-3 Backward, forward, horizonta
Retrenchment
-4 integration
• Divestiture
-5 • Market penetration
• Liquidation -6 • Market development
ES • Product development
Example
• Page 183
• A SPACE matrix for a bank example page 184
Formulation Framework
TOWS Matrix
SPACE Matrix
Stage 2:
BCG Matrix
The Matching Stage
IE Matrix
High
+20
Stars Question Marks
II I
Medium
0
• Question Marks
• Stars
• Cash Cows
• Dogs
TOWS Matrix
SPACE Matrix
Stage 2:
BCG Matrix
The Matching Stage
IE Matrix
Quadrant I
Quadrant II
Quadrant III
Quadrant IV
Limitations:
Positives:
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/16050821/McDo
nald-s-Case-Study#scribd
Question for class
• Given the following information, develop a
SPACE Matrix for the XYZ Corporation:
• FP = +2; SP = -6; CP = -2; IP = +4.
Given the information in the following
table, develop a BCG Matrix
• Divisions 1 2 3
• Profits $10 $15 $25
• Sales $100 $50 $100
• R. M.Share 0.2 0.5 0.8
• Ind. G.Rate +20 +10 -10
• What types of strategies would
you recommend for an
organization that achieves total
• weighted scores of 3.6 on the IFE
and 1.2 on the EFE Matrix?
Cultural Aspects of Strategy Choice
Culture:
Culture:
Politics in organizations:
• Management hierarchy
• Career aspirations
• Allocation of scarce resources
• Equifinality
• Satisfying
• Generalization
• Focus on Higher-Order Issues
• Provide Political Access on Important Issues