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Exclution Criteria:
• history of UI before pregnancy
• history of abdominal and vaginal surgery
• diabetes and hypertension;
• placenta previa, threatened abortion
• amniotic fluid abnormalities, fetal growth
restriction, or vaginal bleeding
Elimination Criteria :
• failure to complete all investigation
content
• unreliable pelvic ultrasound data
(Cont’d
Materials and Methods
Interview age,gestational weeks, BMI, constipation during pregnancy,
number of pregnancies, prior abortions/miscarriages, and
delivery history.
UI diagnosed using International Consultation of
Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF).
47,9
31,8
Limitations