MOTORIC SYSTEM

Anggraeni Janar Wulan

 Motoric System

Somatic Visceral
General
General Special Special
(OTONOM)
SOMATO MOTORIC
SYSTEM
Anggraeni Janar Wulan
 Somatomotor
System
Direct Indirect
Pyramidal Extrapiramidal
system system

Corticospinal Corticobulbar

Anterior Lateral
 SOMATOMOTORIC SYSTEM
PYRAMIDAL SYST. EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYST.

• INITIATION  BODY POSITION (rough)

• VOLUNTARY  TONUS
 INHIBITION/ACTIVATION
• NONSTEREOTYPIC
(specific, smooth, precise,
skilled) GROUP OF MUSCLES
INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE MOVEMENT*
MOVEMENT
LOWER MOTONEURONS (LMNs)*

SKELETAL MUSCLES
* e.g.,
extensors,
COORDINATED MOVEMENT
flexors
(* LMN: Motoric neuron which axon directly innervate the effector/skeletal muscle)
COMPONENTS OF THE MOTOR SYSTEM:
PYRAMIDAL & EXTRAPYRAMIDAL

CEREBRAL CORTEX Pyramidal syst.

BG Extrapyr. syst.
THAL.
Ext. BG Basal ganglia
Cere- amyg.,
bell. HPT

BRAIN STEM

SPINAL CORD
SOMATOMOT. CORTEX: UMN

Corticobulbar tract
CST
BULBUS
LMN

Skeletal
Muscle MOTOR
LCS HOMUNCULUS
UMN

ACS

LMN
Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
ANT. HORN

MIDLINE
 UPPER MOTONEURON (UMN) &
LOWER MOTONEURON (LMN)

UMN THE LOCATION OF ITS CELL BODY

1. CEREBRAL CORTEX (Area 4; 6,8; 3,1,2;5,7)

Corticospinal tract Corticobulbar tract

Bulbus
Spinal cord
(Anterior horn)
 2. MESENCEPHALON
RUBER NUC. TECTAL NUC. INTERSTITIAL NUC.

Rubrospinal Tectospinal Interstitiospinal

tract tract tract

SPINAL CORD (Anterior horn)

3. BRAIN STEM (truncus cerebri):

Bulbus (Pons + med. Obl.)

RETICULAR NUC. VESTIBULAR NUC.

Reticulospinal Vestibulospinal
tract tract

SPINAL CORD
LMN LOWER MOTONEURON (LMN)
THE LOCATION OF ITS CELL BODY
1. BRAIN STEM
MOTORIC NUCLEI OF CERTAIN CRANIAL NERVES
(N III, N IV, N V, N VI, N VII, N IX, N X, N XII)

N III
N IV EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
N VI

NV
N VII BRANCHIOGENIC MUSCLES *
N IX VISCERAL ARCH I, II and III
NX

N XII TONGUE MUSCLES

(* BRANCHIOGENIC MUSCLES:
- Facial/mimic muscles - Sternocleidomastoid
- Platysma - Laryngeal muscles
- Trapezius - Pharyngeal muscles)
 2. ANTERIOR HORN OF THE SPINAL CORD

Alpha MN

Gamma MN

EXTRAFUSAL MUSCLE FIBERS

INTRAFUSAL MUSCLE FIBERS

 Corticospinal Tract
• Part of somatomotoric
system originated from
spesial areas of the
cerebral cortex &
descent through the
PYRAMID/PYRAMIS
of the MO and
terminates on
motorneuron.
CYTOARCHITECTURAL MAP
OF THE HUMAN CEREBRAL
CORTEX (52 AREAS)

Somatomotoric cortex/area
 Primary (Motor stript): 4
 Secundary/premotoric: 6,8
 Supplement:
MOTOR UNIT
 Corticobulbar Tract
• The corticobulbar tract consists of fibers derived
from the primary motor cortex (Brodmannn area
4), the premotor cortex (6 and 8) and the
somesthetic cortex (area 3,1,2).
• The tract descends through the genu of the
internal capsule and few fibers in the posterior
limb of the internal capsule and passes from the
cortex down to midbrain.
• Consisting of fibers of upper motor neurons,
accompanies the corticospinal tract and lower
motor neurons.
• Axons of UMNs descend from the cortex into the
brain stem, where some decussate and others
do not. They provide input into lower motor
neurons in the nuclei of crania; nerves III, IV, V,
VI,VII, IX, X, XI and XII, which control voluntary
movement of the eyes, tongue,neck, facial
expression and speech.
 CHARACTERISTICS
OF CORTICOBULBAR TRACT

• Cranial nerve receives

bilateral innervasion
from the cerebral cortex,
except for N. Abducens
and Facialis (lower).
• The corticobulbar tracts
for the upper face cross
and recross in reaching
the facial nerve
nucleus. The tracts for
the lower face are
crossed only
MOTOR UNIT
Motor neuron together
with muscle fibers
(myofibers) it innervates

NEUROMUSCULAR
JUNCTION (NMJ)/
MOTOR-END PLATE (MEP):
The junctin of a motor unit
and muscle fibers

In humans:
A single motor unit
causes the contraction
of 6-30 fibers (small MU:
in some eye muscles) to
over 1,000 fibers (large
MU: in powerful leg
muscles)
 PARALYSIS / PLEGIA PYRAMIDAL TRACT LESION

RIGHT (DEXTER) LEFT (SINISTER)

A CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

PYRAMIDAL DECUSSATION

C
LATERAL
CORTICOSPINAL TRACT
B D
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY

INFERIOR EXTREMITY
LESION:
A LEFT HEMIPLEGIA
LEFT SUPERIOR EXTREMITY
(HEMIPLEGIA SINISTRA) / CONTRALATERAL
B RIGHT HEMIPLEGIA / IPSILATERAL LEFT INFERIOR EXTREMITY
C LEFT INFERIOR EXTREMITY PARALYSIS
D RIGHT SUPERIOR EXTREMITY TETRAPLEGIA
RIGHT SUPERIOR EXTREMITY PARALYSIS RIGHT INFERIOR EXTREMITY
(HEMIPLEGIA CRUCIATA)
AUTONOMIC NERVE SYSTEM
Cholinergic n Adrenergik neuron