Presented by :

AJEESH.G
S7 ME
Class no.4429
Introduction
 Self-inflating tires allow a vehicle to adjust to the current
terrain for ideal performance and safety in those conditions.
 Self-inflating tires are designed to constantly maintain tire
pressure at the proper level.
 Self-inflating systems are designed more for slow leaks and for
optimizing performance and safety
 Self-inflation systems helps in re-inflation of tires to proper
level
Tire-Inflation Basics

 On roads 80 percent of the cars are driving with one or

more tires under inflated.
 Tires lose air through normal driving and seasonal changes
in temperature
 They can lose one or two psi (pounds per square inch) each
month
 Under inflation is bad for tires.
 Affect gas mileage.
 Generally unsafe.
Tire-Inflation Basics

 When tires are under inflated, the tread wears more quickly
 15 percent fewer miles you can drive on them for every 20
percent that they're under inflated.
 Under inflated tires also overheat more quickly than properly
inflated tires
How tires support a car
 There is a flat spot on the bottom where the tire meets the
road. this flat spot is called contact patch
 When the tire is spinning ,the contact patch must move around the tire to
stay in contact with the road
 At the spot where the tire meets the road the rubber is bent out. it takes
force to bend that tire and the more it has to bend the more force it takes.
 The tire is not perfectly elastic, so when it returns to its original shape it
does not return all of the force that it took to bend it.
 Some of that force is converted to heat in the tire by the friction .
 Continued………
 Since an under inflated or overloaded tire needs to bend m
ore,it takes more force to push it down the road,so it genera
tes more heat.
 Tire manufacturers publishes a coefficent of rolling friction
for their tires.
 We can use this number to calculate how much force it take
s to push a tire down the road.
CRF for various tires
Tire Type Coefficient of Rolling Friction

Low rolling resistance 0.006 - 0.01

car tire
Ordinary car tire 0.015

Truck tire 0.006 - 0.01

Train wheel 0.001

Continued….
 Force required to overcome the friction=crf x weight on the
tire.
 Thus we can provide proper inflation by knowing crf,speed
with which we drive, weight of the tire
Tire-Inflation Basics
 The faded areas below indicate areas of excessive tread wear
How Tires Fails?
 Tires flatten at the bottom when they roll.
 Rebounds to its original shape once it is no longer in contact
with the ground.
 Creates a wave of motion along with some friction.
 Under inflated tires, waves are larger and the friction
created is greater
 Friction creates heat.
 If enough heat is generated, the rubber that holds the tire's
cords together begin to melt
 And the tire fails
Disadvantages of improper inflation

 Hence the friction created is greater.

 Friction creates heat and if enough heat is generated the rubber
that holds the tire cords melts and tire trails.
 Because of the extra resistance an under inflated tire has when
it rolls,the cars engine has to work harder.
 As it effects mileage it can cause severe loss in the cost
considerations.
Self-inflating Systems

 Tire-inflation systems general goals:

 Detect when the air pressure in a particular tire has dropped
- This means they have to constantly (or intermittently)
monitor the air pressure in each tire.
 Notify the driver of the problem
 Inflate that tire back to the proper level - This means there
has to be an air supply as well as a check valve that opens
only when needed.
Self-inflating Systems

 Parts of A Self-inflating System

 Valve to isolate individual tires
 Central sensors for sensing the tire pressures.these
 Air source, which is usually an existing onboard source
 Get the air from the air source to the tires, which is usually through the
axle Systems either use a sealed-hub axle with a hose from the hub to
the tire valve or else they run tubes through the axle with the axle
acting as a conduit.
 A pressure relief vent to vent air from the tire without risking damage
to the hub or rear-axle seals.
Central Tire Inflation System (CTI
S)


The idea behind the CTIS is to provide control over the air
pressure in each tire
 As a way to improve performance on different surfaces.
 Driver can give direct control over the air pressure in each tire
 To maintain pressure in the tires if there is a slow leak or
puncture.
 System controls inflation automatically based on the selected
pressure the driver has set.
CTIS: Inside

Parts are:
 A wheel valve
 Electronic control unit
 Pneumatic control unit
 Operator control panel
 Speed sensor
 Pressure switch
wheel valve
 A wheel valve is located at each wheel end.
 Part of the wheel valve's job is to isolate the tire
from the system when it's not in use in order to let
the pressure off of the seal and extend its life.
 The wheel valve also enables on-demand inflation
and deflation of the tires.
operator control panel
 An operator control panel allows the driver to select tire-
pressure modes to match current conditions.
 This dash-mounted panel displays current tire pressures,
selected modes and system status.
 When the driver selects a tire-pressure setting, signals from the
control panel travel to the electronic control unit to the
pneumatic control unit to the wheel valves.
Speed sensor

The ctis includes a speed sensor that sends vehicle

speed information to the electronic control unit.
If the vehicle continues moving at a higher speed for
a set period of times, the system automatically
inflates the tires to an appropriate pressure for that
speed.
Pressure Switch
 This type of system uses air from the same compressor that
supplies air to the brakes.
 A pressure switch makes sure the brake system gets priority,
preventing the CTIS from taking air from the supply tank until
the brake system is fully charged.
A Closer Look
How it Works?
 The electronic control unit tells the pneumatic con
trol unit to check current pressure
 If the system determines that inflation is needed,
 checks brake pressure
 If they are, it applies a slight pressure to the wheel
valve to allow inflation.
 If the tires are over inflated, the system applies a sli
ght vacuum to the wheel valve.
 When the pneumatic control unit reads that the ap
propriate pressure is reached,
 The valve closes.
 Wheel end assembly

The wheel end assembly includes a flexible hose with check valves.
The flow through tee has a dynamic seal to allow rotation while preventi
ng pressure loss when pressurized air passes from axle to the hub
This occurs through a tube thjat runs from stator into the tee.
In the hub cap aaembly there is a vent to make sure pressure does not b
uild up in the wheel end.
 Control system

The system control module has a shut-off valve to stop air f

rom being sent to the system, as well as a filter to remove moi
sture and contaminants. The petcock releases system pressur
e so maintenance can be performed.
 Pressure gauges

When the pressure guage is applied to the valve stem of a tire t

he pressurised air from the tire rushes in and pushes the piston to
wards the right.
The distance the piston travels is relative to the pressure in the
tire.
To allow you to read the pressure there is a calibrated rod inside
the tube.
Tyre Maintanence Sytem(TMS SYSTEM)

A warning light located on the trailer but visible through

drivers rearview mirror ,illuminates when the system has i
nflated a tire.
Future of self inflating tyres

 one of the major systems in the developmental stages i

s the entire system.
 This system uses a valve that pulls in air from the atmo
sphere.it then pumps the air into the underinflated tir
e using a peristaltic pump action. The goal is to mainta
in a specific pressure.
Conclusion

 Thus self inflating tires help us to attain certain

helpful criterions such as
 I providing safe driving
 improve fuel efficiency
 To control tire pressure according to driving
conditions
REFERNCES
*Crouse Anglin,”Automotive Mechanics”,Tata McGraw Hills
*www.howstuffworks.com
*www.cycloid.com
*www.goodyeartyres.com