SCIENCE FORM 3

CHAPTER 2

RESPIRATION
PREPARED BY: MS RABIATUL
 RESPIRATORY
RESPIRATION? SYSTEM? BREATHING?
 Two stage of Which
respiration includes
System that
External involve BREATHING
respiration MECHANISM
RESPIRATION (take in oxygen
from atmosphere
RESPIRATORY Allows air to enter
Respiration is a into our body)
SYSTEM our lungs
process of A system that
breaking up provides area for
glucose with the
Internal gaseous exchange GASEOUS
presence of between the EXCHANGE
respiration
oxygen in order (breaking up blood and the Allows oxygen to
to get energy glucose with the
environment enter our blood
presence of
oxygen to get
circulatory system and
energy) release carbon dioxide
from our body
 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
A system that provides area for
gaseous exchange between the
blood and the environment BREATHING
An action of taking in
RESPIRATION (inhale) oxygen from
is a process of the environment into
breaking up glucose our body and release
with the presence of out (exhale) carbon
oxygen in order to get dioxide from our body
energy to the environment
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 BREATHING PATHWAY

Nasal
Nostril Pharynx Larynx
cavity

Trachea Bronchus Bronchiole Alveolus

 BREATHING MECHANISM
Inhalation and exhalation only takes place when there are
INVOLVE TWO movements of intercostal muscles, ribs, diaphragm, and lungs
PROCESS
INTERCOSTAL RIBS DIAPHRAGM LUNGS
INHALATION MUSCLES
The process of taking in air
(Oxygen) from the Contract Moves Contract, and Expands
environment into our lungs upwards become flat
and
outwards
EXHALATION
The process of taking out air Relax Move Relax and Deflates
(Carbon dioxide) from our downwards bends / curve
lungs to the environment.
and upwards
inwards
BREATHING MECHANISM
BREATHING MECHANISM
BREATHING MECHANISM
It use the principle of How can breathing
Boyle’s law, where the air
pressure will change
mechanism helps air to
inversely proportional to enters and leaves the
the volume change body?
Write down all the informations that you
can get from the video in the space below
Complete the table below by using the correct word(s)/sentence(s)
INHALATION EXHALATION
Intercostal muscle

Ribs

Diaphragm

Volume of thoracic
cavity
Lungs

Air pressure inside

thoracic cavity

Movement of air
 Blood contain
high ADAPTATION OF THE ALVEOLI FOR
concentration of EFFICIENT GAS EXCHANGE
Inhale Oxygen and low
air
concentration of
Carbon dioxide • Very thin walls
The wall of each alveolus wall is one-cell
thick to ease the diffusion process
Exhale Blood capillary
air membrane
Alveolus

Blood capillary
• Surrounded by numerous
blood capillary
Red blood cell
The numerous blood capillaries help to
Oxygen Carbon
dioxide ease the gases exchange
Blood contain
high
concentration • Moist inner layer
of Oxygen and The inner surface of each alveolus is moist
low Blood capillary so that oxygen can dissolve in the moisture
concentration before diffusing across the alveolar wall
of Carbon
Red blood
dioxide
• Large total surface area
cell

The lungs have millions of alveoli to

provide a large total surface area for gas
exchange
Body cells
 Movement for Gases Exchange in The Human Body
During
inhalation, The inhaled air have The oxygen will
higher concentration Air from the alveolus
air is taken bind with the
of oxygen compare will diffuse into the
into the hemoglobin
to the concentration blood capillary passes
lungs and inside the red
of oxygen inside the through the alveolus
reach at the blood cell forming
blood capillary and the capillary wall
alveolus oxyhemoglobin

As the bi-product, the cell
will release carbon dioxide
and this carbon dioxide will
diffuse into the blood
capillary to be transported
to the lungs and being
release during exhalation.
When the oxygenated The heart will Blood that contain
blood reach the then pump oxyhemoglobin is called
targeted cells, the out the blood as oxygenated blood.
oxygen from the red to be The oxygenated blood
blood cells will diffuse delivered will then being
into the cell for throughout transported from the
cellular respiration. lungs to the heart
our body