SSOW

Safe Systems of Work
Safe Systems of Work Safety Briefing
In case of any alarm...

• Note your emergency exits
• Report to your designated assembly point
• Wait there for further instructions
• Ensure the Fire Marshal takes your head count
• If Assembly point is unavailable follow
all instructions from your instructor and
proceed to an alternative location.
Safe Systems of Work Administration
Facilities:
• Toilets...
• Mess/Canteen facilities...
• Smokers and smoking areas.
• Public telephone facilities...
• Car parking...
Safe Systems of Work Administration
House Rules...
• Please smoke only in designated areas
• Mobile phones to be off or on silent
• Breaks will be 10 minutes every hour
• Any questions ????

Caspian Safe
• Local company developing local trainers

• Resourcing trainers from overseas with subject
matter experience
• Develop local trainers
• Subject matter and scenario based
• Assessment at the end of course
• Modular training:
Performing Authority - Two Day Course
Area Authority - Four Day Course
Introduction
• Your good name

• What type of work are you involved with
• What activities will you be involved in requiring
a Permit to Work
• Your expectations of the course
Aims of Course
This training course aims to provide a good

understanding of the key elements of the bp
Permit to Work system incorporating the
Golden Rules of Safe Systems of Work to enable
participants to be successfully appointed to the
role of Performing Authorities within the PTW
system.
Performing Authority Role
The Performing Authority is the person who

requires the work to be done or who will
perform the work.
Performing Authorities shall act as the senior

person in charge of work controlled by a
Permit to Work and are responsible for
Safety at the work site.
Appointment
Function Training Competency Valid Authorised by

Evaluation (yrs)
PERFORMING PTW POST COURSE TWO AREA AUTHORITY

AUTHORITY PERFORMING EVALUATION
AUTHORITY ASSESSMENT
COURSE LEVEL 80%
Course Outline
DAY ONE
• Introduction – Just a piece of paper – Video
• Safe Systems of Work
• Essentials of a PTW system
• Types of Permit
• Life Cycle of a Permit
• Isolation Confirmation Certificate
Safe System of Work
Competency
Procedures Barriers/
Hazard Controls
RA/PTW/TBT
Holes due to failures WORK
- Non compliance
Compliance
- Error
- Violation
- Optimization
Undesirable
outcome
Piper Alpha Disaster
JUST A PIECE OF PAPER???

The following is a shortened version of a BBC
film about Piper Alpha....
Essential Features
• To identify and control competency requirements – Appointment to Role
• Task Description – Box No.1
• Identifying the hazards – Box No. 2
• Allocating the controls – Box No. 2
• Cross Referenced Certification – Box No 3
• Sanction for testing – Box No 4
• Authorization of the work to proceed – Box No. 5
• Gas testing – If required – Box No. 6
• Issue of permit allowing work to proceed for an authorised period – Box No. 7
• Registry of Permit Box No. 8
• Issue & Re-issue of Permit shift by shift - Box No. 9
• Confirmation of task completion – Box No 10
• Safe re-instatement of plant – Box No 10
• Registry/Archiving after completion of task – Box 11
Permits to Work System
HOT WORK HOT COLD COLD CONFINED FORMAL
NAKED WORK WORK WORK SPACE ENTRY PROCEDURE
FLAME SPARK (CW) BREAKING (CSE) (FP)
(HWNF) POTENTIAL CONTAINMENT
(HWSP) (CWBC)
COLOUR RED YELLOW BLUE BLACK GREEN WHITE
RE-VALIDATION At shift change of Performing Authority or 12 hours At each shift

change of Area
Authority or
Performing
Authority
MAXIMUM LIFE 7 days or 14 7 days or 14 7 days or 14 7 days or 14 shifts 7 days or 14 1 shift (max 12
shifts (day / shifts (day / shifts (day / (day / night) shifts (day / hours). The
night) night) night) night) approved
Formal
Procedure
revalidated
annually
AUTHORISATION SM/SC SM/SC •SM/SC SM/SC SM/SC SM/SC

SIGNATORY LEVEL OIM OIM OIM OIM OIM OIM
HOT WORK (Naked flame)
- Welding
- Flame cutting
- Abrasive wheels
- Use of flare guns
- Electrical pre-heating and stress
relieving
- Heat shrink blowers
- Portable Grinders
- Pre - Heating/stress relieving
- Fibre optic fusion splicing
HOT WORK (Spark potential)
- Dry grit/shot blasting
- Needle gunning
- Pneumatic chisels
- Use of battery operated
equipment
- Use of not appropriately
rated Ex proof equipment
- Opening live electrical
junction boxes where the
terminals are exposed to
atmosphere.
- Use of hydraulically operated
powered tools mechanically
capable of generating a
spark
- Work involving explosives
and perforating guns
COLD WORK BREAKING CONTAINMENT
- Opening up process systems
that contain toxic flammable
or hazardous material
- Construction, maintenance,
overhaul, repair work involving
breaking containment on
flammable or otherwise
hazardous process systems in
operational areas
- Spading and de-spading of
systems that contain toxic
flammable or hazardous
substances
- Sampling of hydrocarbon
products by any other means
than approved sample points
COLD WORK
- Working on vessels contaminated
with LSA/NORM
- Working with radioactive sources
- Working with asbestos or mineral
fiber products
- Civil and ground preparing works
- High pressure water jetting
- Ultra high pressure water cutting
- Painting, spray painting
- Removal of handrails. gratings,
hatches and fixed ladders
- Work affecting the availability of
fire or explosion control systems
– deluge, fixed fire fighting, fire
pumps, fire mains
- Scaffolding erection dismantling
Confined Space Entry Permit
- Entry into large pipe lines

- Entry into tanks, vessels,
separators
- Silos, ducts, sewers, pits,
manholes
- Voids between modules
- Offshore platform legs
- Excavations deeper than 1.2m
- Access onto floating roofs
- Open topped tanks
- Closed or unventilated rooms
- Sumps and culverts
- Unventilated areas
Confined Spaces Video
The following is a film about the safety guards

required before entering a confined space
Formal Procedures
- Workshop activities
- Use of battery operated cameras
- Use of portable electrical equipment
- Work in contractor yards (excluding confined space entry)
- Sampling in process areas
- Checking of safety equipment
- General housekeeping and maintenance work
- Carpentry
- Vibration monitoring
- Flow line tracing
- Routine telecom system maintenance
- Work site preparation
Permit to Work Completion Procedure
Permit Hot Work (Naked Flame)

Number
1. Task Description Expiry Date/Time

Date requested Requested by: Print Signed
Equipment ID/Tag Number Location:
Task Description
This section is completed by the person requesting the work or their representative
The information can be extracted from a detailed work scope. Details of the task on
separate sheets or drawings should be referred to and the sheets, drawings etc.
attached to the permit.
The type of permit to be used must be selected at this stage, in cases of doubt the
AA is referred to.
The person initiating the permit must indicate:
Exact location of the work, defined as accurately as possible

Equipment upon which work is to be carried out
Exact nature of the work
2. Level 1 RA Level 2 RA
Hazards
Confined Space Entry Awkward Access Working at height Unguarded Excavation Heavy Lifting
Heavy/Awkward object Severe/Adver weather Over side work Excavation collapses Slipping Hazard
Toxic Gas Fumes Hazardous substances Asbestos LSA Scale/NORM Radioactive Source
Pyrophoric scale Naked flame Flammable materials Vibration Slipping hazard
Stored Electrical charge High voltage (HV) Low voltage (LV) Electric Spark Mechanical spark
Dropped object Projectiles Smoke Press. Hose failure Noise
Hazards (Other)
Controls
Make Tannoy Keep work site Liaise with adjacent
Erect signs and barriers Secure loose objects
announcements free of trip hazards Performing Authorities
Firewatcher to be in Portable fire Receptacles for used
Ensure correct PPE to Additional PPE
attendance at all times extinguisher of correct welding rods and used
be worn to be worn (specify)
during Hot work type on site stubs to be provided
Equipment to be A safe means of access Gas test required Continuous gas detector
Maintain radio contact
isolated when left to the work site before work in use at work site
with control room
unattended must always be used commences (portable gas detector)
Repeat gas tests at Waste to be disposed Use safe Manual Adhere to MSDS Adhere to Lifting Pan/
specified intervals Of correctly Handling techniques requirements Method statement
Controls (Other) Projectiles

2. Level 1 RA Level 2 RA
This section specifies the hazards that may be encountered, resulting from the task being
performed and the environment in which it is being carried out or the tools and equipment
being used and from any adjacent or associated activities.
This section is completed by the Performing Authority and checked and discussed with the
Area Authority.
Once the hazards have been identified, appropriate controls to be put in place must be listed.
This is also done by the Performing Authority and checked and discussed with the Area
Authority.
Any supplementary certificates will be identified and raised and cross referenced with
Section 3 on the permit. Associated or adjacent tasks are also listed in this section.
The PA or AA may consider the proposed task to be of an unusual nature or high risk and
therefore requiring a formal Level 2 risk assessment. In such a case, the task will be postponed
3. Cross related certificates
Work Permits This section cross references Supplementary certificates

for specialist activities supporting the permit. They are
recorded by the Area Authority. If personal isolation
is approved the Area Authority must state “personal
ICC’s
isolations” in this section.
Other
4. Sanction to Test
ICC No. ICC No.

I, Area Authority, declare that the proposed test is within the
Sanction to Date
Date Time specified work scope and the isolations on the above ICC have been
Test amended for test purposes
ITEM
De-isolated Sign Print
Isolated Sign Print
ITEM
De-isolated Sign Print
Isolated Sign Print
4. Sanction to Test
The Sanction for Test section is completed by the Area Authority before any test
requiring changes in isolations may proceed. To allow equipment to be tested while
the Permit and ICC are still in operation, the signatures of the Area Authority and the
Isolating Authorities must be obtained. The signatures indicate that consideration has
been given to others possibly working on the equipment, changes of isolations
required and the controls required for the test to proceed.
On the ICC, amendments to the isolations are documented and initialled by the Area
Authority and Isolating Authority.
On the Permit, the AA signs the Sanction to test declaration authorizing the test to
Proceed.
When the test is completed, the same authorities re-sign the ICC and Permit
indicating the restoration of the isolations and authorizing work to proceed.
5. Authorization
Name Designation Date/Time
Print: Signed: OIM/SC
Print: Signed: AAA/DH
Print: Signed:
At the daily Permit Control and Planning Meeting, all new permit applications are
discussed by all AA’s, Affected Area Authorities are identified and all adjacent
activities are taken into consideration.
Potential conflicts with existing permits are highlighted. It is at this meeting that
the Site Controller will authorize new permits.
6. Site Gas Test (Mandatory)
Flammable Toxic Other:
Initial Test (Initials)
Date/Time
For Naked Flame in a Hazardous Area, the same initial precautions as above are
Necessary as flammable gas or vapour may be subsequently released into the
work area. Portable continuous gas detectors must be utilized as specified in
Section 2 of the Permit. Re-tests are required at revalidation and before every
working period.
This section on the Hot Work Naked Flame Permit is Mandatory and is completed by
an Authorized Gas Tester Level 1 or 2.
For Naked Flame work in a non – hazardous area, the area must be cleared of
flammable and combustible materials and a flammable gas check made before the
Permit is issued. Unless there is reason to suspect that conditions have changed,
there is no need to re-test
7. Issue
I, Area Authority, declare that all hazards have been identified and all specified
controls measures are now in place and it is now safe for work specified on the
Permit to be performed.
Print: Signed: Date/Time
I, Performing Authority, have read and understood the above precautions. I accept
responsibility for carrying out the work as specified. I will ensure that the persons
under my control, read, understand and comply with these conditions and
precautions. I will notify the Area Authority on completion or interruption of this
work.
Print: Signed: Date/Time
7. Issue
Prior to issuing any Permit the Area Authority carries out a work site inspection
accompanied by the Performing Authority showing the points of isolation and other
Potential hazards.
The Live Permit register or the Permit Location Board should be reviewed by the
Area Authority to identify and control any conflicting permits.
Any necessary inhibition of the Fire and Gas Detection system or Emergency
Shutdown system as specified in Section 2 is carried out by the Control Room
Operator. To minimize the time for which any area is unprotected, work should not
be delayed once the Fire and Detection system has been inhibited.
Inhibition of these systems should only be carried out immediately before the
Permit is issued for work to commence.
Following these checks the AA and the PA both sign this section
8. Permit Registry
Registered in Permit Registry, all prerequisite controls as verified by the AA are in place
This permit is automatically suspended on the sounding of the General Alarm or
instruction by the Public Address system and must be returned to this point prior to
recommencement of work
Print:__________ Signed: ___________ Designation: ________Date/Time:______
Should there be no conflicts; the Permit to Work Coordinator will then sign the
permit. Once the top copy is displayed at the work site, the task may commence.
Note – Permits should only be registered for work that will start immediately.
9. Re-Issue and Return
Date Time AGT Area Auth. Sign Print AAA OIM/SC Perform. Auth Sign Print
Return
Issue
Return
Issue
Return
Issue
Return
Issue
A permit can be re-issued in accordance with the following procedure, up to the

expiry date. Unless immediate re-validation is required, any inhibitions of the Fire
and Gas Detection or Shutdown Systems should be removed and then re-made
immediately prior to re-issue (e.g. next morning). This ensures that inhibits are in
place only when necessary.
10. Cancellation
I, Performing Authority declare that the work for which this permit was issued has
been properly performed , that all men have been withdrawn and that the
equipment, plant and electrical apparatus affected by the work have been left in a
safe clean condition.
The work is COMPLETE The work is INCOMPLETE
and in the following condition
Print:__________ Signed: ___________ Designation: ________Date/Time:_________
I, Area Authority delegate have inspected the equipment/work area and declare that
the work for which the Permit was issued has been properly performed, that all
tools and apparatus have been removed and that the equipment, plant and electrical
apparatus affected by the work have been left in a safe, clean condition
The work is INCOMPLETE The work is COMPLETE and normal operations may
be resumed subject to the removal of isolations
and any remaining controls
10. Cancellation
PERFORMING AUTHORITY – When the work is completed or cannot be continued,
all copies of the Permit must be collated in the Permit office. The PA signs the
declaration in Section 10 and specifies whether the work is complete or incomplete.
When work is incomplete a brief description of the reason and the state of the
equipment should be given.
AREA AUTHORITY – When the PA has signed the first part of Section 10, the AA or
his delegate will inspect the work site. The AA satisfies himself that the work has
been properly performed, that the area and plant are clear of all tools and
equipment and the site is in a safe condition. He will ensure that any referenced
Isolation Control Certificates are removed and then complete the declaration
accordingly. By signing this section, the permit is cancelled.
NOTE – When work in completion necessitates prolonged isolations e.g. awaiting
spares etc then a record must be kept of the equipment state. This could be
an entry in the Control Room log or a separate detailed sheet explaining
the reason for the Long Term Isolation.
Additionally one copy of the now cancelled Permit should be attached to the
covering ICC
11. Registry of Permit Cancellation
All copies of the Permit and any supplementary certificates have been collected. Notation
of work status has been made in the Permit Register. The control measures put in place
for this Permit have been removed.
When all copies of the Permit have been signed and returned to the Permit office
the Fire and Gas Detection System and Shutdown system can be re-instated. The
top copy of the cancelled permit is retained for one year on site as material for
external auditing.
Essential Features
• To identify and control competency requirements – Appointment to Role
• Task Description – Box No.1
• Identifying the hazards – Box No. 2
• Allocating the controls – Box No. 2
• Cross Referenced Certification – Box No 3
• Sanction for testing – Box No 4
• Authorization of the work to proceed – Box No. 5
• Gas testing – If required – Box No. 6
• Issue of permit allowing work to proceed for an authorised period – Box No. 7
• Registry of Permit Box No. 8
• Issue & Re-issue of Permit shift by shift - Box No. 9
• Confirmation of task completion – Box No 10
• Safe re-instatement of plant – Box No 10
• Registry/Archiving after completion of task – Box 11
Associated Certificates
What types of certificate are associated with the PTW system ?

Isolation Confirmation
Certificate (ICC)
• Where items of equipment
are require to be isolated to
allow the work to take place
safely, then an ICC must be
raised to control the isolation
except in the case where a
personal isolation is
acceptable.
• The ICC applies to all types of
isolation, covering process,
control and electrical.
Isolation Control Certificate
ISOLATION CONFIRMATION CERTIFICATE Registry No.
Registered at the CCR ___________ CRO.
Plant/System to be Isolated Sheet of

Module/Location
Drawing attached.
Reason for Isolation Blanking Schedule P &
ID’s attached attached.
The control section of the Isolation Confirmation Certificate is completed by the
Area Authority. They indicate the specific item of plant/system that is to be isolated,
stating equipment , tag and system numbers wherever possible. When drawings,
blanking schedules or Process and Instrument drawings are available detailing the
Isolations required, the appropriate tick box is completed. A precise reason for isolation,
including a clear indication of any requirement for Hot Work, Confined Space Entry or
Mothballing, along with a realistic expectation of the duration of the isolation enables
the appropriate isolation standard to be applied. Should the reason for isolation
escalate from that stated at the outset a review of the suitability of the isolation standard
must be carried out and appropriate action taken
Isolation Control Certificate
Sign Off Sign Off Sign Off Sign Off Sign Off Sign Off
Connected Permits to
Work and Entry Cert.
Overlapping ICC’s
ISOLATION REQUEST DE-ISOLATION REQUEST
I, Area Authority declare that the above plant/system is in a safe I, Area Authority declare that the work carried out under this
Condition for isolation to be made. I request that the pant be Certificate is COMPLETE and all connected Permits to work and
Isolated in the following ways Entry Certificates have been CANCELLED . I request that the plant
Valve Positive Control Electrical Tick as Req’d system be de-Isolated
Signed Designation Date Time hrs Signed Designation Date Time hrs
COMPLETION of ISOLATION CONTROL SECTION
The Area Authority ensures that the plan/system is safe for isolations to be applied. This
Could involve draining, depressuring, venting a system etc. or arranging for a standby unit
To be set up for operation. The Area Authority indicates the means of isolation (Valve,
Positive, Control Instrument Electrical) that will be required and then signs the declaration
in the Isolation Request section.
Plant Contamination
Certificate
A Plant Contamination Certificate

shall be used to cover the handling or
transport of equipment, which is,
or has been, contaminated.
Clearance for Excavation
Certificate
- A Clearance for Excavation

Certificate shall be used
where any excavation or stake
driving is planned, on any site
or installation.
PTW Lifecycle
The Permit to Work System is a formal written

system used to control work. It communicates
requirements between site management, plant
supervision, operators and those who carry out
the work. It has a lifecycle from cradle to grave
Roles and
Responsibilities
section: 2. 2.1 - 2.13
Key Personnel
• Performance Unit Leader – PUL
• Asset Manager – AM
• Site Manager – SM
• Site Controller – SC
• Offshore Installation Manager – OIM
• Department Head – DH
• Area Authority – AA
• Affected Area Authority – A/AA
• Performing Authority – PA
Key Personnel
• Control Room Operator •CRO
• Authorised Gas Tester •AGT Lev 1 & 2
• Fire Watcher •FW
• Isolating Authority •IO
• Responsible Electrical •REP
• Person Permit Co-ordinators •PTWC

Responsibilities
Performance Unit Leader (PUL) Asset Manager (AM);

Responsible for: Responsible for:
• Responsible for ensuring that PTW • Ensuring that the PTW process
process is applied at all sites within is applied at their sites and
their area responsibility authorised by them prior to
implementation
• Responsible for ensuring that
periodic self-regulatory internal • Periodic self-regulatory
reviews and/or audits of PTW reviews
operations are conducted
Responsibilities…
OIM / SM or Site Controller; • Ensures that all training a competency
standards are followed
Responsible for:
• Authorisation of all categories of Work
• Responsible for the overall operation of Permits
the PTW on their site, ensuring
procedures described in this document
are consistently fallowed • Approves all Level 2 risk assessments,
Normal, ORA, IRA, &SARA
• Ensuring that the PTW process is subject
to regular monitoring and auditing, acting • Approval of lessons learned and audits
upon results to ensure system integrity
and improvement • Signature for any deviations from this
procedure
• Ensuring that the training and competency
standards, as defined In the PTW
procedure document are followed and to • Approval of all formal procedures
satisfy him/herself that the AA is
competent by carrying out assessments
after their first 3 permits, thereafter at an
agreed frequency not greater than 12
months.
Responsibilities…
Department Head (DH) The Area Authority (A/AA)
Responsible for:
whose areas can be affected by the work
(Where applicable)
Taking place in another adjacent area.
• Responsible for the operation of the E.g. SIMOPS
PTW process within their areas of
responsibility
Must:
• Countersignature of all categories of • Be aware of all responsibilities of AA
permit within their area of
responsibility, ensuring that the • Countersign permits from adjoining area
appropriate hazards and controls • Walk through area before and after the
have been identified and mitigations job
are in place for the planned task • Be aware of isolations affecting his area
• Communicate with workers affected by
adjacent work
Responsibilities…
Area Authority (AA) His/Her duties include:
Is responsible for: • Re-porting to SM/SC/OIM and have
overall responsibility for the safe control
• Day to day management of the PTW of work activities within their designated
process within their area of responsibility. area, including issue of work permits
• Liaise with PA's when planning permits
• The AA is normally Shift/Operations Team
Leader or equivalent, although an • Ensure correct level of Risk Assessment
individual can be dedicated to the role
provided he/she is trained and • Ensure appropriate control measures are
competent. in place and toolbox talks take place
• Provide a 'STOP the job culture
• There may be more than one AA at any
particular site. • Approval of isolation design
Responsibilities…
Performing Authority (PA) • Reports/interacts regularly with AA & A/AA
• Create the PTW identify hazards/controls
• Is responsible for the activity being • Participate in any Lev 2 Risk assessment as
carried out under the permit. required
• Holds a toolbox talk, ensures sign-off of work site
• Performing the task or supervising PTW
a group, he/she can be responsible • Provide 'STOP the job' culture
for more than one task at any one • Ensure only authorised persons participate in
time provided he/she can safely task
manage these tasks at the same • Ensure all controls in place prior to
time. commencement
• Ensure only specified work takes place
• His/her duties to include.... • Ensure lessons learned are captured
• Ensure work stopped and reassessed if deviations
req'd
• Ensure worksite is kept clean & safe condition
• Ensure adequate handovers take place.
Responsibilities…
Control Room Operator CRO
Duties include but are not limited
to:
• Ensuring safety system status
board up to date,
• Ensuring Inhibit/override
register is up to date and
audited,
• Ensuring all inhibits/overrides

are handed over at shift
change
Responsibilities…
Authorised Gas Testers (or AGT) Level 1, 2 & 3
Are approved trained persons to test for the presence of flammable vapours, toxic
gases and oxygen content. These tests are carried out in support of Permits or
Entry Certificates as requested by the Area Authority.
• Level 1 AGT - is Qualified to carry out gas testing on all activities including
Confined Space Entry (CSE).
• Level 2 AGT - is qualified to carry out gas tests in support of all activities
excluding Confined Space Entry
• Level 3 AGT - used for continuous monitoring

Responsibilities…
Firewatcher (FW)
• Firewatcher is a trained person, he must be present to monitor the work

area whilst F&G systems are inhibited,
• He/she must ensure suitable fire fighting equipment available and ready,
• Flammable materials cleared away from worksite,
• Drains remain covered and sealed,
• Sparks and spatter are fully contained,
• Know the location of the nearest fire alarm point,
• Raise the alarm if fire occurs or gas is released,
• NB if multi decks involved more than 1 FW required.
Responsibilities…
Isolating Authority (IA)
Responsible for:
• The design of the electrical isolation when requested by the AA,
• Isolating specific sections of plant to the highest quality and security

SFARP,
• Demonstrating the integrity of the isolation to AA and PA,
• Ensuring compliance with energy isolation requirement.
NB: The IA can be the PA if required and will be authorised to the maximum
voltage required for the isolation
Responsibilities…
Responsible Electrical Person (REP)

Role created under the SSOW or PTW to clearly identify which authorised person has
responsibility for electrical system. REP’s are nominated by the SM/SC/OIM from
those having the highest level of authorisation and assessed by the Electrical Technical
Authority.
• They will be the one person who has total knowledge of the installation
and the electrical work being carried out.
• The REP must be competent by way of training and qualifications and/or
experience and will :-
– Have a thorough knowledge of the system for which they are responsible.
– Approve any switching programs
– Countersign permits with electrical content
– Have the highest level of authorisation required for the site
– Ensures the electrical isolations are correctly designed
Responsibilities…
Electrical Technical Authority (ETA) Senior Authorised Electrical
Personnel (SAEP)
• The Electrical Technical Authority is
an Electrical Engineer who is • Electrical personnel who have been
recognised by management as the formally assessed by the site
site technical authority. Electrical Technical Authority or
delegate and authorized by the SM /
• The technical authority or their SC / OIM to switch, isolate and test
delegate assesses and recommends electrical equipment with voltage
site personnel for authorisation to levels up to, and greater than 1000V,
SAEP and will assess and recommend
personnel for the role of REP. • They can act as an isolating authority
under the safe systems of work for
electrical systems with voltage levels
up to and greater than 1000V.
Responsibilities…
Authorised Electrical Personnel Authorised Instrument Personnel
(AEP) (AIP)
• Electrical personnel who have been • Instrument personnel who have been
formally assessed by the site REP and formally assessed by the site REP and
authorised by the SM / SC / OIM to authorized by the SM / SC / OIM to
switch, isolate and test electrical switch, isolate and test control,
equipment with voltage levels less instrument and telecom equipment
than 1000V, with voltage levels less than 50V,
• They can act as an isolating authority • They can act as an isolating authority
under the safe systems of work for under the safe systems of work for
electrical systems with voltage levels control, instrument and telecom
less than 1000V systems with voltage levels less than
50V phase to earth.
Responsibilities…
Competent Isolator (CI) Competent Person (CP)
• In special circumstances individuals • An essential requirement for persons

can be assessed as competent undertaking electrical work is that
isolators by the site REP with they are competent, established by
agreement of the ETA and authorised virtue of training and or experience.
by the SM / SC / OIM specific items of A competent person is capable of
equipment providing that they have recognising danger and knows when
completed the formal training and to seek guidance when the work falls
have been assessed as competent. outside their area of competence.
• The employing company will certify
competency of the employee and will
supply BP with copies of their
competence assessment as required.
The AzSPU certifies the competence
of its own employees using CMAS.
Responsibilities…
Permit to Work Co-Coordinator (PTWC)
• Required to operate and monitor the PTW system

• Issuing and subsequent control of PTW system
• Routine site tours monitoring PTW application
• Ensuring correct permit and ICC used
• Ensuring correct signs, tags & locks are used
• Ensuring correct TBRA in place & implemented
• A focal point for all matters relating to the PTW system.
• Attend work planning and schedule meetings
• Attend PTW & Risk assessment meetings
Responsibilities…
Standby Person or Entry Attendant
A standby person is appointed to attend a worksite and observe

the task being carried out. They are also charged with the
responsibility for obtaining immediate help in the event of an
emergency and to provide a communication link with the control
room.
PTW Meeting Schedule
TIME DESCRIPTION VENUE ATTENDEES
OIM, Ops Supv, Dept

Morning Pre-Job Heads, Area Authorities,
0600-0630 hours Central Control Room
Safety Meeting HSE
Co-ord, Perf Authorities
Onsite Toolbox Talk

0630-0645 Hours Jobsite Perf Authorities, Workforce
Meeting
Informal meeting
to review
0800-1200 Hours
Submitted Central Control Room Area Authorities
(flexible)
Permits by Area
Authorities
OIM, OPS Supervisor,

Operations
Dept Heads, Area
1730-1800 Hours Pre-Planning CCR
Authorities, HSE Co-
Meeting
ordinator
PTW Key Points
• Planning
• P Ian Ahead of Activity
• Permits into system 24 hrs in Advance (NUI platforms 7 days)
• Performing Authorities (PA) Responsible for box 1 permit
submission
• Jobsite tool box talks by PA prior to work commencing
• Structured evening pre-planned meeting
• Site inspections regularly
• Permit registration regularly
• Permit registration in CCR by CRO
• POB Control to match activity set
• More Planning
Review and Day 2 Overview
Day two……
• Review Day 1
• Risk Hierarchy
• TRA’s
• Golden Rules of Safety
• Introduction to Isolation
• Worksite Specifics...
JOB HAZARDS
Can you spot the hazard?
YES !
No hard hat Feet resting Informal No face Wrong Oily rags
while using on crane conversation shield gloves for below sparks
crane in work area grinding
Bending
back
Bending
back
Smoking
Smoking Cable
crossing
No safety crane track
goggles or
gloves
Using rope instead
Incorrect PPE of certified sling Poor
Housekeeping
1. ELIMINATION
Does the task need to be done?
Hierarchy of Control
2. SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURES
Can something else be used to reduce the risk?
Can procedures be
used to specify the
safe system of work
3. ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Can equipment be used to reduce the risk? to follow;
•Permit to work
4. SEGREGATION •Checklists
Can distance/barriers/guards be used to prevent personnel
exposure to hazard? •Work-packs
5. REDUCTION IN PERSONNEL/TIME
EXPOSURE
Limit the number of personnel exposed to the risk and control the time they
are exposed.
Depending on the risk and
potential consequences a
number of controls may need
6. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) to be in place
Suitable and sufficient PPE, appropriate for the task?
Note: Whenidentifying control measures,

always start at the first step.
Golden Rules – Getting the Basics Right
Permit to Work
Before conducting and work that involves confined space entry, work on
energy systems, ground disturbance in locations where buried hazards
may exist, or hot work in potentially explosive environments, a permit
must be obtained that:
– defines scope of work

– identifies hazards and assesses risk
– establishes control measures to eliminate or mitigate hazards
– links the work to other associated work permits or simultaneous
operations
– is authorized by the responsible person(s)
– communicates above information to all involved in the work
– ensures adequate control over the return to normal operations
Isolations
The video you are about to see is the BP Energy

Isolation immersions version, showing
examples from Egypt, Trinidad, and Algeria...
• Discussion to follow...
Isolations Discussion
Energy Points
Isolation
Egypt, GUPCO JV - October Complex Platform - 6 May, 2001
The isolation procedure was not

fully utilised. Some valves were
not locked.
Drawings showing all connections to the separator

were not available for people doing isolation.
Work crew began replacing the valve when system

was not completely disconnected, drained and
discharged.
The incident started as an escape of oil

and gas, then soon turned to a matter of
life and death.
Energy Points
Isolation
Trinidad - 4 June, 2000
Electricians did not participate in the job safety
analysis and were not compliant with permit
requirements. There was no proper isolation
and no Lock out/Tag out. They were working on
live wires, close to sprinkler system piping, and
did not have appropriate PPE.
Electrician contacted 227V AC line and was
earthed through the sprinkler piping.
Algeria - 2 February, 2003

Driver did not obey warnings on truck.
Could have worked from ground. Did not
consider risk of bed descending. Equipment
was not secured.
Driver was crushed by the dump bucket.

Energy Points
Isolation
AzBU Energy Isolation Incidents
Fatality – Feb. 25th 2004 – While erecting steel “goal

post” markers on the railway crossing, two labourers
contacted 3000V overhead electric line. One of the labourers
died on the scene, another one suffered severe electrical
burns.
Fatality – May 25th 2004 – Laborer stepped

between welding machine and pipe string to get
his weld marker. The pipeline string slid off
wooden skids and crushed the worker between
pipe and welding machine.
Fatality –Aug. 27th 2004 – While attempting to

repair his truck while it was still running, the
worker was killed when the transmission
slipped into gear and the truck ran over him.
Energy Points
Isolation
Remember This?
Sangachal Terminal Electrical Burn Injury – 20 September, 2003
Electricians were installing cables in the electrical substation
for the new Steam Generator Project.
An electrician drilled a hole in the

neutral bus bar and connected a
bolt and nut.
The adjustable spanner contacted

the live 380-volt power bus that
was hidden behind the panel.
The electrician received 1st, 2nd,

and 3rd degree burns to the
face, hand, and arm.
TRA Types
Lifting Operations
Working at Heights
Golden Rule Isolations
Energy Isolation
• Any isolation of energy systems - mechanical,

electrical, process, hydraulic and others, cannot
proceed unless:
– the method of isolation and discharge of stored energy and

isolation effectiveness is periodically monitored
– the method of isolation is agreed and executed by a competent
person(s)
– any stored energy is discharged
– a system of locks and tags is utilised at isolation points
– a test is conducted to ensure the isolation is effective
Electrical Isolation Standards
Operating Voltages
Isolation requirements for:
<50V >50V < 1000V >1000V
Non-electrical work only N/A Is+LL Is+LL
Electrical work on single circuit Is+P+D+Label Is+P+D+LL Is+P+D+LL+E
Electrical work on distribution system N/A SP+Is+P+D+LL SP+Is+P+D+LL+E
Note 1: If any work requires Proving Dead in a Hazardous Area, a gas monitor will be required
with a Hot Work 2 (Spark Potential) Permit.
Note 2: If any work is done adjacent to live conductors then this must be considered when
providing the isolation.
Is – Isolation of the main phase conductors with an isolator

LL – Lock and labelled
D – Main phase and neutral disconnected
P – Prove dead with an approved voltage tester which is proved before and after testing
E – Earth the isolated conductors
SP – Authorized Switching Programme
Electrical Precautions
Precautions <50V >50V < 1000V >1000V
SAEP or AEP
Authorisation level required to under direct
AIP, AEP, SAEP AEP, SAEP
perform the isolation supervision of
SAEP
Accompanied for proving dead, AEP, SAEP
distribution switching, testing, fault No based on Risk SAEP
finding assessment
Communications link Yes Yes Yes
Nomex gloves or leather gauntlets No Yes Yes
Note 3: If work is to be accompanied there must be a clear understanding between the Isolating
Authority and the accompanying person identifying what the accompanying person will do in the
event of an emergency.
Note 4: Competent Isolator perform isolations for the specific equipment and voltage that they
have been authorised for
Energy Isolation Standards
Operating Pressure
Fluid Type <10barg >10barg <55barg >55barg
Process fluids and hazardous V = SVI V = SVI+B V = DBB+A

utilities I = SVI+A I = DBB+B I = DBB+B
Non-hazardous utilities V = SVI V = SVI+A V = SVI+B

I = SVI I = SVI+B I = DBB+B
V Valve configuration required to permit the installation of blank flanges and spades (positive
isolation)
I Valve configuration required to permit carrying out intrusive maintenance without positive
isolation
A Use mandatory safeguards as on List A
B Use mandatory safeguards as on List B
SVI Single Valve Isolation
DBB Double Block and Bleed
Mandatory Safeguards
Mandatory Safeguards Category A Category B
(Low Risk) (High Risk)
Continuous gas monitoring (for hydrocarbon systems only) y y
Pressure build-up to test valve integrity y y

Regular monitoring of isolation integrity y y
Control and prevent nearby work y y
Operations Technician in attendance y y
Radio link to control room when breaking containment y
Develop contingency plan against leakage y
Identify backup isolation valves, shutdown systems etc y
Minimise task time y
Portable fire-fighting equipment available (for hydrocarbon y
systems only)
Minimise possibility of plant disturbance y
Energy Isolation
Energy Isolation -
Is a means for preventing the unexpected release of energy.
What types of energy can we encounter in our
day to day operations?
Energy can be stored in fluids
Including oil and gas under pressure

in pipes and vessels
and as Electrical and Mechanical
energy
Energy Isolation
Energy Isolation
Energy can be released in the form of
radioactivity,
as hazardous
chemicals, and in
hydraulic and pneumatic systems
All forms of energy have the potential to cause serious injury to

anyone not following correct isolation procedures.
Energy Isolation
Energy Isolation
In general, energy sources are safe if properly contained and
controlled.
In E&P, we deal with a wide variety of energy forms every day.
The real danger occurs when human interaction with these systems
takes place.
And that is when the Golden Rules for Energy Isolation

must be applied.
Energy Isolation
Energy Isolation
Golden Rules of Safety for Energy Isolation
Any work on energy systems

including mechanical, electrical,
process, hydraulic, and others,
cannot proceed unless:
1. The methods of isolation and

discharge of stored energy
are agreed and executed by
a competent person(s)
Energy Isolation
Energy Isolation
2. Any stored energy is 3. A system of locks and tags is utilised
discharged at isolation points
4. A test is conducted to ensure the 5. Isolation effectiveness is

isolation is effective periodically monitored
If any of these steps is ignored the results can be devastating…

Levels of TRA
There are 2 levels of risk assessment defined within the process:
• Level 1
• Level 1 is a broad overview of the task by a Area Authority (AA) (typically the Team
Leader and the Performing Authority (PA) to identify any hazards involved and
appropriate control measures which are required to be in place to allow the job to
proceed.
• Level 2
• Level 2 is a formal assessment, which is required only when the AA’s judge that
there are greater hazards or complexities associated with the task, which requires
a more rigorous level of assessment. A team of minimum 3 personnel carries out
this assessment.
• All Risk Assessments require input from those who will be doing the work. In
addition, some Level 2 Risk Assessments may require the input of expertise from
outside the normal site / installation team.
• Previously carried out L2 Risk Assessments (L2RA) can be used for repeat tasks.
Mandatory Level 2 TRA’s
 Confined Space Entry  Heavy Lifts (A load is classified as heavy when
specified by the Site Lifting Coordinator)
 Work on flare systems  Diving Operations

 Plugging/sealing  Simultaneous Operations (SIMOPs)
 Hot / Odd Bolting  Use of Explosives
 Working with asbestos  Lifts over live process pipelines or process plant
 Working at Heights without scaffold or structure  Tasks involving Ground Disturbance. Manual and
mechanical excavations below 1.2m
 When minimum standards of Energy Isolation cannot  Where there is a significant potential for injury to
be achieved people outside the site boundary
 Unconventional access (e.g., abseiling, crane basket)  Hot work within 15m radius of hydrocarbons
 Proof Tests (initial hydro test where no design pressure  When the approved procedures cannot be followed.
exists)
 Pneumatic test (as alternative to hydro test, up to 110%  Task that may have specific hazards associated with
of design pressure), including leak testing of gas lines Energy Isolation.
with N2.
 Non-routine venting/draining/cleaning of equipment  Tasks which are judged to be unusually complex (e.g.,
containing hazardous chemicals due to the number of steps or interfaces)
 Tasks which are unfamiliar, or which involve unfamiliar o Any activity involving potential exposure to H2S
methods or technologies
Hazard Definition
A physical condition or human behaviour which has the

potential to cause an accident, harm to people or
damage to the environment.
Risk Definition
Risk is a combination of the HAZARD EFFECT and the

PROBABILITY that harm to people, property or environment
will actually occur.
The more likely it is, the HIGHER the RISK will be.
Hazard Effect Rating
Personal Injury Property Damage Environmental Damage Effect Rating
Fatality Major Loss >$5M Total Loss of Containment A
Likely Permanent Significant Damage Significant Loss of B

Disability Loss $500k to $5M Containment. 100bbl, Limited
ability to control
Hospital Stay Moderate Damage Significant Loss of C

Loss $100k to $500k Containment
> 100bbl only Workplace
affected
DAFWC / Restricted Minor Loss $10k to Minor Loss of Containment D

Work Case / Medical $100k < 100bbl only Workplace
Treatment affected
Simple First Aid Injury Loss <$10k Slight Loss of Containment < E
1bbl
Probability
PROBABILITY RATING
Event likely to occur more than once per quarter HIGH

(FREQUENTLY) (H)
Event likely to occur at least once per year, but less than a quarter MEDIUM
(PROBABLE) (M)
Event likely to occur less than once per year LOW

(OCCASIONAL) (L)
Factors Affecting Probability
Did you consider: -
WHO - Skill, Knowledge, Training, Experience, Competence

WHAT - Type of Work, Number of Hazards, History of Accidents
WHERE - Indoors/Outdoors, Above/Below Ground, Ground Level, Open Area,
Confined Space
WHY - Breakdown, Routine, Essential
WHEN - Time of Day, Others Present, Supervision
HOW - Procedure, Instructions, Safe System of Work, Method Statement
HOW LONG - Continuous, Intermittent, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Annually
HOW MUCH - Quantity of Substance, Energy, Weight, Volume etc.
Risk Matrix
HAZARD EFFECT
P
R A B C D E
O
B
A
B H 15 14 13 9 4
I
L M 12 11 10 5 3
I
T
Y L 8 7 6 2 1
Residual Risk Criteria
SCORE ACTION REQUIRED
Immediate action.
Task must not proceed.
13 to 15
Serious loss potential.
Task may proceed only with additional controls in place to avoid serious loss.
Plan controls to reduce risk further.

9 to 12
Assess the priority and agree implementation targets.
Monitor procedures and controls to ensure the risk is maintained as low as reasonably
practical.
6 to 8
Take immediate action if standards are not met.
Ensure additional controls are implemented.
Implement control measures to reduce the risk to the lowest level reasonably
2 to 5
practicable.
1 Prepare a plan to reduce the risk to the lowest level reasonably practicable.
Aim of TRA
It is an accident prevention tool used to Identify

potential hazards or unsafe acts and correct
them before they result in accidents
Steps involved in a TRA
• Define the Task

• Identify / Select the Team
• Conduct Worksite Visit (JSA)
• Clearly define individual sequential steps to be done
• Identity and list the potential hazards for each step
• Develop measures to eliminate/control the hazards
• Toolbox Meeting
Job Safety Analysis
• Understand what is a job safety analysis

• Describe the benefits and uses of a JSA
• Describe the JSA process
• Identify the steps to complete a JSA
• Perform a JSA as a group and identify
- The basic job tasks - or steps
- Potential accident or hazard of each step
- Safety controls or corrective measure for each step
Key Elements of JSA
•M ―Materials
•E ―Equipment
•E ―Environment
•P ―People
TRA Process
• Be specific in identifying the task

• Use action words (open, remove, close, lift, lower
etc)
• Be concise - Identify what is done. Not how to do it
• Most activities can be broken down into 5-15
observable steps
• Steps should not be too detailed or too general
• Number each step
Benefits of TRA
• Know the job

• Increased ownership and buy-in to solutions
• More hazards identified
• Better solutions developed
• Communications improved
• Spreads responsibility among more people
Control
Control is the Reduction in the

level of Risk by the Introduction of
Safety Measures
Control Measures
• Eliminate the hazard

• Reduce or Substitute
• Engineering controls or engineering revision
• Administrative controls (Warn, Train, Rotate, Procedures)
• Provide and use Personal Protective Equipment
Eliminate
Prohibit activities i.e.
• No slacking over specific height

• No use of chlorine based bleach
• No unauthorised personnel
• No jewellery
Control Measures

Reduce or Substitute
Substitute: Reduced Exposure Times
• Solvent based paints with water

based • Job rotation. Frequent breaks
• Dusty powder with pastilles
• Electrical hand tools with
compressed air Reduce effects
Reduce Probability:
• Dilution
• Fit Barrier Guard, Separate • Dispense dilute chemical, open
storage areas, physical isolations window to remove fumes
(e.g. spade, lock off)
• Change Process
– Automatic feeder
Control Measures

Control Measures
Engineering Control / Revision

• Install and use machine guards
• Select and use proper tools and equipment
• Redesign work station or work process
• Total Enclosure i.e.
– Top on container, egg boxes
– Noise enclosure on Turbines/Pumps
• Extraction (Local Ventilation)
– Welding, Soldering, Grinding
Control Measures

Control Measures
Administrative Controls
• Education and training

• Job rotation
• Supervision
• Warning signs
• Personnel selection
• Job procedure changes
• Safe behavior reinforcement
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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Safe Systems of Work

Safe Systems of Work Safety Briefing

In case of any alarm...

• Any questions ????

• Local company developing local trainers

• Your good name

This training course aims to provide a good

The Performing Authority is the person who

Performing Authorities shall act as the senior

Function Training Competency Valid Authorised by

PERFORMING PTW POST COURSE TWO AREA AUTHORITY

JUST A PIECE OF PAPER???

COLOUR RED YELLOW BLUE BLACK GREEN WHITE

RE-VALIDATION At shift change of Performing Authority or 12 hours At each shift

AUTHORISATION SM/SC SM/SC •SM/SC SM/SC SM/SC SM/SC

- Entry into large pipe lines

The following is a film about the safety guards

Permit Hot Work (Naked Flame)

1. Task Description Expiry Date/Time

Exact location of the work, defined as accurately as possible

Controls (Other) Projectiles

Work Permits This section cross references Supplementary certificates

ICC No. ICC No.

A permit can be re-issued in accordance with the following procedure, up to the

What types of certificate are associated with the PTW system ?

Registered at the CCR ___________ CRO.

Plant/System to be Isolated Sheet of

COMPLETION of ISOLATION CONTROL SECTION

A Plant Contamination Certificate

- A Clearance for Excavation

The Permit to Work System is a formal written

• Control Room Operator •CRO

• Authorised Gas Tester •AGT Lev 1 & 2

• Fire Watcher •FW

• Isolating Authority •IO

• Responsible Electrical •REP

• Person Permit Co-ordinators •PTWC

Performance Unit Leader (PUL) Asset Manager (AM);

• Ensuring all inhibits/overrides

Authorised Gas Testers (or AGT) Level 1, 2 & 3

• Level 3 AGT - used for continuous monitoring

• Firewatcher is a trained person, he must be present to monitor the work

• Isolating specific sections of plant to the highest quality and security

• Demonstrating the integrity of the isolation to AA and PA,

• Ensuring compliance with energy isolation requirement.

Responsible Electrical Person (REP)

• In special circumstances individuals • An essential requirement for persons

Permit to Work Co-Coordinator (PTWC)

• Required to operate and monitor the PTW system

Standby Person or Entry Attendant

A standby person is appointed to attend a worksite and observe

TIME DESCRIPTION VENUE ATTENDEES

OIM, Ops Supv, Dept

Onsite Toolbox Talk

OIM, OPS Supervisor,

Note: Whenidentifying control measures,

– defines scope of work

The video you are about to see is the BP Energy

The isolation procedure was not

Drawings showing all connections to the separator

Work crew began replacing the valve when system

The incident started as an escape of oil

Algeria - 2 February, 2003

Driver was crushed by the dump bucket.