COLORECTAL

CANCER
cancer affecting caecum,
colon and rectum

Manuel, Martin
Brana, Kyla
Cabanilla, Rexel
Carpio, Rosemarie Reference: Oncology Nursing 5th Edition by Martha E. Langhorne
 95,520 
Estimated new cases develop each year of colon
cancer

http://pressroom.cancer.org/CRCstats2017 2
 39,910
Estimated new cases develop each year of rectal
cancer

http://pressroom.cancer.org/CRCstats2017 3
 50, 260
Annual Death rate despite regardless
sex

http://pressroom.cancer.org/CRCstats2017 4
 COLORECTAL CANCER
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
ETIOLOGY RISK FACTORS
•Idiopathic Non-Modifiable:
•Age
•Gender: Male
•Genetic Factor: FAP
& HNPCC
•Inflammatory Bowel
Disease
•Hormonal Changes

Modifiable:
•Lifestyle: Smoking,
Red Meat, Lack of
Fiber
•Obesity
•Environmental
Factors
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 Deleted in colon cancer (DCC) gene
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)
gene

DNA Damage/Failure

Mutation in the Genome

Activation of Inactivation of Alteration in genes

growth promoting tumor suppressor that regulate
genes genes apoptosis

Activation of proto- APC & DCC

oncogenes K-RAS 6
Unregulated cell Decreased apoptosis
proliferation

Colonial Expansion

Tumor Progression

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Angiogenesis

Adenocarcinoma

Stage 0: In SITU

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Stage 1: Beyond Mucosa

Stage 2: Entire Wall

Stage 3: Lymph nodes

9
 General:
•Change in bowel habit
•Change in stool size, shape
Transverse: and color
•Abdominal Pain
•Palpable masses •Anorexia
•Obstruction •Indigestion
•Diarrhea/Constipation
•Bloody stool •Flatulence
•Tenesmus

Ascending:
•Pain radiating to
the back Descending:
•Weight Loss •Bright red
•Liquid Stool bleeding
•Indigestion •Constipation
•Gas pain
•Cramps
•Tenesmus
•Abdominal Pain
•Rectal Pressure

if ulcerate:
•Bleeding Rectal:
•Anemia •Tenesmus
Weakness •Pain in the
Malaise
groin/labia/scrotum/legs/penis
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•Constipation
Stage 4: Metastatic

colon

rectu
m

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Thank You

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