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DISTRIBUTION OF SPACE
• Marginal Details
• Determination of scale
• Divide the sheet to draw the PLAN, ELEVATIONS
AND CROSS SECTIONS ,Scale Line etc.
Set squares are used for drawing all
straight lines except the horizontal lines
which are usually drawn with t-square.
Vertical lines can be drawn with the t-
square and the set-square.
Scale is used to
measure any line or
distance
What is Scale …
Engineering scales
…
Drawing Pencils
1. Large size compass with
interchangeable pencil
and pen legs
2. Lengthening Bar
3. Small bow Compass
4. Large-size divider
5. Small bow divider
6. Inking pen
Planning your drawing
Before starting your engineering drawing you should plan how you
are going to make best use of the space. It is important to think about
the number of views your drawing will have and how much space you
will use of the paper.
If a view has lots of detail, try and make that view as large as possible.
If necessary, draw that view on a separate sheet.
If you are working with inks on film, plan the order in which you are
drawing the lines. For example you don't want to have to place your
ruler on wet ink
Visible Lines – solid thick lines that represent visible edges or
contours
Hidden Lines – short evenly spaced dashes that depict hidden
features
Section Lines – solid thin lines that indicate cut surfaces
Center Lines – alternating long and short dashes
Dimensioning
• Dimension Lines - solid thin lines showing dimension
extent/direction
• Extension Lines - solid thin lines showing point or line to which
dimension applies
• Leaders – direct notes, dimensions, symbols, part numbers, etc.
to features on drawing
Cutting-Plane and Viewing-Plane Lines – indicate location of
cutting planes for sectional views and the viewing position for
removed partial views
3-Dimensional Pictorial Representations
One-point
one vanishing point
Lines that are not vertical
or horizontal converge to
single point in distance
Two-point or Three-point
two or three vanishing points
With two points, vertical or
horizontal lines parallel, but not both
With three-point, no lines are parallel
Isometric
Drawing shows corner of object,
but parallel lines on object are
parallel in drawing
Shows three dimensions, but no
vanishing point(s)
Two-Point
Draw object from two / three perpendicular
views
What it looks
like pictorially
/ Orthographic
Isometric
EVERY STUDENT SHOULD BE IN POSSESSION OF ALL
THE DRAWING INSTRUMENTS AND ACCESSORIES TO
AVOID ANY LOSS OF TIME.
BORROWING OF ITEMS WILL NOT BE APPRECIATED.
STUDENTS SHOULD BUY THEIR OWN T-SQUARES.
STUDENTS ARE ADVISED TO WIND UP THEIR WORK IN
TIME SO THAT THEY ARE NOT LATE FOR SUBMISSION.
DRAWING SESSIONS WILL BE LONG.NO ONE IS
ALLOWED TO LEAVE WITHOUT PERMISSION.
LATE COMERS WILL BE MARKED ABSENT.