EMOTIONAL DISORDERS

Emotional Expression

 The terms mood and affect vary in their definition,

and a number of authors have recommended
combining the two elements into a new label
“emotional expression.”
 Emotion Expression

Mood Affect
Mood
 defined as the patient’s internal and sustained
emotional state.
 Its experience is subjective, and hence it is best to
use the patient’s own words in describing his or her
mood.
 Terms such as “sad,” “angry,” “guilty,” or “anxious”
are common descriptions of mood.
Affect.
It is the expression of mood or what the patient’s
mood appears to be to the clinician.
Affect is often described with the following
elements:

 Quality
 Quantity
 Range
 Appropriateness
 Congruence.
1. quality (or tone)
Terms used to describe the of a patient’s affect include:
 Dysphoric

 Happy

 Euthymic

 Irritable

 Angry

 Agitated

 Tearful

 Sobbing

 Flat
Quantity of affect
 is a measure of its intensity.
Example :Two patients both described as having
depressed affect can be very different if one is
described as mildly depressed and the other as
severely depressed.
Range of affect
 Range can be:
 restricted
 normal
 or labile.
Flat is a term that has been used for severely restricted
range of affect that is described in some patients with
schizophrenia.
 Actor with restricted facial expression
Appropriateness of affect
refers to how the affect correlates to the
setting)‫)الموقف‬.
A patient who is laughing at a solemn moment of a
funeral service is described as having inappropriate
affect.
Congruency of affect
 Affect can also be congruent or incongruent with the
patient’s described mood or thought content.
Example:
A patient may report feeling depressed or describe
a depressive theme but do so with laughter, smiling,
and no suggestion of sadness.
 Emotional Disorders

Quantitative changes Qualitative changes

 Unpleasant mood (Quantitative
chage)
 Dysphoric mood: An unpleasant mood.
Dissatisfaction and restlessness.
 grief: Alteration in mood and affect consisting of
sadness appropriate to a real loss.
 depression:

it's a psychopathological feeling of sadness

 Irritable mood: Easily annoyed and provoked to

anger
 Anhedonia: Lack of the ability to experience
pleasure loss of interest in all regular pleasurable
activities
2-pleasurable mood:
 Elevated mood:
Air of confidence and enjoyment; a mood more
cheerful than normal but not necessarily
pathological.
 Euphoria: Exaggerated feeling of well-being that

is inappropriate to real events.

 Elation ( ‫)النشوه‬:
Mood consisting of feelings of joy, euphoria, triumph( ‫فرحة‬
‫)النصر‬, and intense self satisfaction or optimism.
occurs in mania when not grounded in reality or drug abuse.
 Exaltation: Feeling of intense elation and grandeur
(Hypomania).
 Ecstasy:
Feeling of intense rapture
Occurs with Methylenedioxy-n-methylamphetamine
(MDMA) is a 'psychedelic amphetamine `
 Mood swings: Oscillation of a person's emotional
feeling tone between periods of elation and
periods of depression or other mood states.
 1-Anxiety:

1-Anxiety:
Feeling of apprehension caused by anticipation
of danger, which may be internal or external..
 2-Apprehension:
intense fear of any non-fearful stimuli.
Fear of externals danger
e.g. car accident.

3-fear: Unpleasurable emotional state

consisting of psychophysiological changes in
response to a realistic threat or danger.

4-phopias: An intense irrational fear of an

object, situation or place .the fear persist
even thought the object of the fear is
perfectly harmless and the person is aware
of the irrationality.
 1-free floating anxiety:
it is sever, generalized
and pervasive. Fear not
attached to any idea.

3-panic:

Acute, intense attack of

anxiety associated with
2-tension: personality
unpleasant feeling disorganization; the
associated with Type of anxiety: anxiety is overwhelming
physical and accompanied by
and psychological feelings of impending
tightness. doom
 c-Ambivalence:
(qualitative change)

the holding at the

same time of tow opposing emotions, attitudes,
ideas or wishes
toward the same person, situation
or object
...‫أحبـــــــــــــك‬

..‫أكرهــــــــــــــــــك‬
.
Disorders of affect (Quantitative)
 Apathy : Dulled emotional tone associated with
detachment or indifference; observed in certain types
of schizophrenia and depression.
 Blunted affect: blunted affect: Disturbance of affect
manifested by a severe reduction in the intensity of
externalized feeling tone; and experience.
fundamental symptoms of schizophrenia, as outlined by Eugen
Bleuler.
 flat affect: Absence or near absence of any signs of affective
expression
 indifference:
absence of emotional expression but experience is
present
Qualitative change
 appropriate affect: Emotional tone in harmony
with the accompanying idea, thought, or speech.
 IN appropriate affect. it is a disharmony of
affect and ideation
 Liability of affect. (Emotional incontinence): labile
affect: Affective expression characterized by
rapid and abrupt changes, unrelated to external
stimuli.