Subject: English

Topic: Punctuation

Submitted to:
Mr. Abrar Hussain

Submitted by:
Muhammad Anique
 Content:
Punctuation
Punctuation marks
Period or full stop (.)
Question Mark (?)
Exclamation mark (!)
Comma (,)
Semicolon (;)
Colon (:)
Dash (_)
Hyphen (-)
Bracket ([])
Parenthesis (())
Quotation marks (“”)
Apostrophe (‘)
Punctuation:
Punctuation is used to create sense,
clarity and stress in sentences. You
use punctuation marks to structure
and organize your writing.
 Punctuation is the name for marks
used in writing. They are to help
understanding and correct
reading.
Punctuation Marks:

. is a period or full stop

, is a comma
 ? is a question mark or query
! is an exclamation mark
‘ is an apostrophe
 “” is a quotation mark
: is a colon
; is a semicolon
… is an ellipsis
- is a hyphen
_ is a dash
[] are brackets
() are parentheses
1. Period or Full stop
A period or full stop is used to end
sentences. The period plus a space
separate sentences and make it
easier to read.
Example:
Ali goes to school.
Ali is a boy.

2. Question mark:
Question mark is used when writing a
question to make an inquiry, or to ask
something
Example:
Why is the sky Blue ?
3. Exclamation Mark:

An exclamation mark is used to

write about a strong emotion, or to
write the words a person shouted. It
can be used to make a statement
stronger or more forceful

Example:

What a lovely day! (when it

obviously is not a lovely day)
That was clever! (when someone
has done something stupid)
Help! Help!
That's unbelievable!
Get out!
Look out!
 4. Comma:
A comma has many uses some them are
given below:
 To separate things in a list: “cows, horses,
camels and sheep”
 To separate parts of sentences: “I like
your son, I might even love him, but he is
not a very good soccer player.”
 To indicate a pause in sentence or
question: “Ali, did you remember to feed
the cat? ”
 A list of adjectives usually requires
commas. However, if an adjective is
modifying another adjective you do not
separate them with a comma.
EXAMPLES
 She was young, beautiful, kind, and
intelligent.
 The house we visited was dark, dreary,
and run-down.
 5. Semi colon:
 The semicolon is somewhere between a full
stop and a comma. Semicolons can be
used in English to join phrases and
sentences that are thematically linked
without having to use a conjunction.
 Example:
 I like your brother; he's a good friend.

6. Colon:
Colon can be used at the beginning of a list.
 Example:
 “This is list of animals: birds, cats, dogs and
sheep.”
 The colon is also used to divide the hour
from the minutes in writing a time in English.
 Example:
 4:15 = "four fifteen"
 6:45 = "six forty-five"
7. Dash:
Dashes can be used to add
parenthetical statements or comments in
much the same way as you would use
brackets.

8. Hyphen
 A hyphen joins two or more words
together while a dash separates
words into parenthetical statements.
Hyphens are used to join two words
or parts of words together while
avoiding confusion.
 Example:
 run-down
 up-to-date
 HYPHENS IN NUMBERS
 Use a hyphen with compound
numbers from twenty-one to ninety-
nine.
 Example:
 eighty-nine
 thirty-two
 sixty-five
9. Brackets:
 'brackets' refers to square brackets [
]. We use square brackets - [ ] - for
special purposes such as in technical
manuals.

10. Parentheses:
 ‘Parentheses' refers to round brackets
( ). Round brackets - ( ) - are used in a
similar way to commas when we want
to add further explanation, an
afterthought, or comment that is to do
with our main line of thought but
distinct from it. Many grammarians feel
that the parentheses can, in fact, be
replaced by commas in nearly all
cases.
 Example:
 I visited Kathmandu (which was full of
tourists) on my way to the Himalayas for
a trekking expedition.
 11. Quotation Mark:
 Use quotation marks to cite something
someone said exactly. When rephrasing
what someone told you, no quotation
marks are needed.
 Example:
 "I'm going to the store now," she said.
 Harry told me, "Don't forget your soccer
jersey."
 12. Apostrophe:
Apostrophe has two main uses:
1. Ownership:
 An apostrophe can be used to show
that something belongs to something
else.
 If there is only one thing, the letter s is
used after an apostrophe to show
ownership.
 Example
 “It was the boy’s dog.”
2. Contraction:
 An apostrophe can be used to put two
small words together. Two small words
that are put together with an
apostrophe to make one word are
called contractions.
 Example:
 “It’s a nice day today.”
Bibliography:
 https://www.ef.com/english-
resources/english-grammar/
 https://www.slideshare.net/MUHAM
MADNAJAMULHASSA1/punctuation