CHEMICAL

AGENTS
DETECTION
EQUIPMENT
• PAPER DETECTOR
– 1 WAY (1 COLOUR)
– 3 WAY (3 COLOURS)

• CHEMICAL AGENT MONITOR (CAM)

• M 256 DETECTING KIT
• C 2 KIT
 COLOUR CHANGES
1 WAY COLOR PAPER
Blue – ALL AGENTS
6665 - 99 - 220 - 1005
DETECTOR PAPER,
CHEMICAL AGENT,NO.2 MK.2,
LIQUID ONE COLOUR

PR 351 A
J.D.L. 4/79
 Colour changes

3 way color paper

• RED - (H) Blister Agent
• YELLOW - (G)Nerve Agent
• GREEN - (V) Nerve Agent
 6665 - 99 - 220 - 4229
DETECTOR PAPER,
CHEMICAL AGENT,
NO.1 MK.2, LIQUID
THREE COLOUR
J.D.L. 2/76

H Agent

V Agent G Agent
 PAPER DETECTOR
Paper Detector should be worn on
expose area due to:
• Will detect the presence of any chemical
agent.
• Can be monitored easily.
 Paper Detector must be
changed for the following
reasons
1. Once contaminated with chemical
agent.
2. Soak in water, POL or any presence
of dirt on it.
3. Every 24 hours.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
PAPER DETECTOR
• Ineffective for vapour type.
• No guarantee that liquid chemical
agent will be detected.
• Need observation all the time.
• Difficult to see at night.
C2 KIT
CHEMICAL AGENT MONITOR
CHEMICAL AGENT MONITOR
(CAM)
• To detect any presence and the density
of nerve and blister agent in vapour/gas
form.

• C.A.M runs on baterry operated with:

• ON/OFF
• G (Nerve) H (Blister) MODE SWITCH
 Role of CAM
• CAM is an operator controlled, hand held
battery powered point monitor.
• It monitors for the presence of nerve and
blister agent vapours.
• It determines the concentration of the
vapour, and then indicates the hazard by
displaying a number of bars on the liquid
crystal display.
C.A.M
 Safety

CAM contains a small

Radioactive Source
 SAFETY
• Contain small quantity of radioactive source.
• However it is too small to have any significant
effect.
• Proper storage and signage needed.
• In case of fire, relevant department should be
notified.
 BATTERY
• 6V Battery LITHIUM SULFUR
DIOKSIDA
• Contain hazardous gas emitted from
the electrode inside the CAM if
leakage take place.
 Never
1. Open deliberately
2. Crush
3. Puncture
4. Store near heat
5. Electrical charge
6. Short circuit
 Normal Battery CAM Battery
6v 6v

Volts Volts

Time Time
16-18 Hrs 16-18 Hrs
 Disposal of Batteries
On completion of Battery’s life you must
carry out the following:
• Mask off the terminal end with masking tape
to prevent short circuiting while in transit.
• Securely package the batteries.
• They must be clearly marked- ‘Lithium
Sulphur Dioxide Batteries - for disposal’.
• They must then be back loaded to Base
Ordnance Depot (BOD) Donnington or Naval
Stores, via your issuing stores.
CAM Interference
 Aromatic Vapours
• Perfume
• Aftershave Contains MS

• Peppermints
 Cleaning
Fluids such as:
•Disinfectants
•Floor Polish
•Barrier Cream
Smoke and Fumes
such as
• Rocket Motors,
Transient negligible
• Munitions, Coax guns
• Tobacco
Monitoring
Techniques
 Low Contamination areas, CAM display
fluctuates between zero hazard and low
Wind hazard with wind fluctuation

Vapour coming off Liquid Agent

High Contamination
(Liquid contaminant on ground)
 CAM held Vapour coming off
downward and Liquid agent
forward

Liquid contaminant
on ground

Wind
 Monitoring Techniques
Caution
– Do not contaminate the inlet probe by
allowing it to come into contact with Liquid
Agent.
Note:
– Do not obstruct the inlet!
– Once a stable reading of vapour shows,
withdraw from the hazard to allow the
display to clear down.
MONITORING WITH C.A.M
DETECTION ON PERSONNEL

• Moves against the wind direction or

look for a clean (not contaminated)
area.
• Do the detection:
– HEAD
– SHOULDER
– FEET
 DETECTION ON
VEHICLES
• Check on 3 main areas:
–Top of the vehicle
–Wheel
–Side of vehicle
Dosimeters QF and
Charging Unit No. 3
Personal
Dosimeters and
Dosimeter Reader
Dosimeters are
Total Dose
Instruments
Categories of
Dosimeters
• Safety
• Control
• Personal
 Cross section of a QF
Dosimeter
Plunger Insulators Air Chamber Object Lens Eye lens

Scale
Quartz Fibre

Quartz Fibre Support Wire

Insulators

Quartz Fibre Details

 QF Dosimeters
Type Dosimeter Scale Remarks

Safety 0 - 0.2 cGy/Rad Peacetime training

Technical QF No 7 0 - 200 m Rad/0 - 2 uGy Handling/moving RTS

Held at PL/TP for

Control
Residual
QF No 4 Mk 4 0 - 200 cGy/Rad radiological
monitoring & survey

Held at PL/TP for

Tactical QF No 5 0 - 500 cGy/Rad Nuclear Observer
 Dosimeter QF and Scales

cGy

No5 Yellow No4 Mk 4 Mauve No7 Black

Checks before use
• Contamination
• Dirt
• Damage
• Damp
No. 3 Charging Unit
 Preperation for use
• Remove charging pin cover.
• Insert dosimeter into charging
socket.
• Orientate dosimeter.
• Press dosimeter firmly into socket,
note position of QF and using
control move QF to zero position.
 Check Zero
a Remove the Dosimeter from the charging
unit.
b Hold up to light and check QF is still at
zero.
c If QF is not at zero repeat preparation.
d If QF cannot be held at zero, exchange
the Dosimeter.
 Check Scale card
Check stability of Scale Card
• Tap the side of the dosimeter with a finger.
• Check QF is still at zero.
• If QF is not at zero, the scale card is loose
and the Dosimeter should be replaced.
• A Dosimeter which has been in store for
some time should be checked for leakage
over 24 hrs prior to use.
Personal
Dosimeter
Personal Dosimeter Serial
Number
• R 005671
The Reader
 Nerve Agent
Immobilised Enzyme
Alarm and Detector
(NAIAD)
 Battery Life
• If Controlled : 14-15 hours
constant use
• However should be
changed at 12 hours
replen cycles.
 Battery Life
• If Uncontrolled :
Approx 4 hours
 The Reagent Module
• 12 Hour refill cycle
• 10 year shelf life
• Capsule holds chemicals
• Liquid is deionised water
 Cold Weather
• The thermostat will not allow
the liquid pump to operate if
the reagent module
temperature drops to below
+5 deg C.
 Siting of NAIAD
General Siting Principles
• It is in the path of incoming vapour clouds.
• It is possible to identify the Alarm Signal and
disseminate warning rapidly.
• It is hidden from enemy observation and does not
prejudice the unit location when in alarm state.
• It is easy to obtain access to the detector for
maintenance and repositioning.
• It is protected against damage by own or enemy troops
as far as is practicable.
• Position of NAIAD moved when a wind change of 45
deg. occurs.
• NAIAD must be in a vertical position while operating.
Undulating Open Ground

Company
Position NAIAD
Wind
 Wooded Areas
(occupying edge of wood)

Max 50m

NAIAD
Wind
 Wind

NAIAD
Wooded Areas (In Depth)

Company

NAIAD
Wind

Position
 Interferents
• HCE and FM screening
smokes
• Burning Vegetation
• Sea Dart Missile Effluent
NAIAD Decontaminant
• MEA - Monoethanolamine
• DMSO - Diamethyl-Sulp-oxide
 NAIAD Decontaminants
• G Nerve - 2 Hours
This will displace and destroy
them.
• V Nerve - 2 Hours
This will displace and present it
for destruction.
NAIAD Disposal Instructions
for Modules and Pads
• Wear full IPE.
• Thoroughly puncture, reagent/flushing
modules and drain.
• Burn module and pads until nothing
remains.
• Caution: Failure to puncture the
module may result in it exploding.
 Portable
Dose
Rate Meter
 Warning
• The meter contains 3 small
radioactive sources:
• 2 small tritium sources and a
small beta source contained
within a pressurised
ionisation chamber.
Uses of the PDRM
• Primary
–Static monitoring posts
–Radiological survey
• Secondary
–Contamination control
PDRM Scale
• 0.1 - 1
• 1-10
• 10-100
• 100-1000
Scales are Logarithmic
PDRM Range Scale

CAL
Cal /Gamma
/Beta selector

Data Panel

Set Cal Calibration

Setting Battery
Control
Lines Compartment
Desiccator Cover

On/Test/Off Switch
 Battery Compartment
• 1 x 3v Lithium Cell (which may be
changed by the Operator).
• 1 x 1.35v Mercury Cell (only
changed by Technicians)
• Flying lead - with triangular
negative contact.
 Batteries
• The 1.35v Mercury Cell battery has
an approximate running time of 90
hours, shelf life of 2 years.
• The 3.0v Lithium battery has an
approximate running time of 45
hours and shelf life of 5 years.
 Batteries
May burst if subjected to any
of the following -
• Excessive heat
• Prolonged short circuit
• Discharged well beyond life
• Damaged
 Disposal of batteries
Used batteries must not be disposed of locally
e.g by burning
The following procedure must be followed -
• Package, to prevent short circuiting.
• Clearly mark “Unserviceable Mercury/Lithium
Batteries for Disposal”
• Backload through issuing stores for
subsequent delivery to an authorised recycling
plant.
 Preparation for
use
Instrument checks for -
• Contamination, Dirt, Damage and Damp.
• Battery test.
• Switch to test. Check that needle reads
above battery minimum mark. If low
replace 3.0v battery and test.
 Calibration
To gain an accurate reading, the
PDRM must first be calibrated
against its own Beta source.
Which equates to 5 cGy.
If calibration is not possible change
the 1.35v battery.
 Selector at “Cal”
Ion chamber exposed to Beta Window

Beta Window

Ion
Chamber
Movable
Shutter
Beta Source
Set Calibration Adjust
Control
Selector at “Gamma”
Beta source and windows “shuttered” out
Gamma
Beta
Summary of Use
Radiological Survey - Gamma;
a Hold 1 m or waist belt height from
ground.
b Monitor at the 4 cardinal points.
c Record readings as briefed.
Selector at “Beta”
Ion chamber with Beta Window
Gamma
Beta
 Summary of Use
Beta indication;
a Prepare the PDRM as before.
b Determine gamma reading.
c Remove the instrument from the haversack,
and secure by wrist strap.
d Turn the selector to BETA.
e Hold PDRM 2 - 3 cms from item to monitored.
f Any reading obtained above the gamma
reading previously read, will indicate the
presence of beta contamination.
 Care and Maintainance of
PDRM
1. Remove 3.0v Battery.
2. Not to be stored with radioactive training sources.
3. Stored in dry steel locker which may be locked.
4. Stored in a controlled area.
5. Locker marked with Trefoil warning signs.
6. Boundary limits on any perimeter surface not to
exceed 2.5 u/cGy/hour (u = micro/1,000,000ths).
7. Unit standing orders and fire orders to include
radiation safety measures.
8. Issue and receipt and record kept of all instruments.
OTHER TYPE OF DETECTION
KIT
• LIGHT WEIGHT CHEMICAL
DETECTOR (LCD)
• M256
• TOXID CHEMICAL TUBE
DECTECTOR FOR GAS/VAPOUR
• FIELD ALARM MODULE (FAM)
• RADIATION SERVEY METER
• RADITAION ALERT
 Detection and Identification
Equipment (Chemicals)

M256A1
Detector Kit
Detection and Identification
Equipment (Chemicals) M-9 Paper Dräger Tubes
QUESTION ?