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• Horizontal Separators
• Vertical Separators
• Vessel Internals
• Sizing Theory
• Well Testing
SEPARATING OIL AND WATER
Lecture Outline
• Horizontal Separators
• Vertical Separators
• Vessel Internals
• Sizing Theory
• Well Testing
Three Phase Separator with
Interface Control
SEPARATING OIL AND WATER
Lecture Outline
• Horizontal Separators
• Vertical Separators
• Vessel Internals
• Sizing Theory
• Well Testing
HORIZONTAL VS. VERTICAL
• Vertical design
- Handle sand and solids
- Liquid surge capacity
SEPARATING OIL AND WATER
Lecture Outline
• Horizontal Separators
• Vertical Separators
• Vessel Internals
• Sizing Theory
• Well Testing
Typical Coalescing Packs
2 Dimensional CFD Illustrates how Flow Path
Lines inside a Vessel are Affected by Baffles
34.0 sec
50.0 sec
Note how quickly the structured packing reduce the inlet turbulence
Courtesy of NATCO
Comparison of Liquid Sloshing (“Storm” Sea State)
26.60 sec
26.60 sec
Courtesy of NATCO
The Separator with Everything
LIQUID-LIQUID SEPARATION
• Horizontal Separators
• Vertical Separators
• Vessel Internals
• Sizing Theory
• Well Testing
SIZING THEORY
1. Gas Separation
4. Retention Time
Stokes Law Settling
1.78 x 10- 6 ( S . G . ) dm
2
Vt =
Vt = velocity, ft/sec
Need to know:
dm = from coalescence, micron
= from temperature, cp
4. Retention Time
RETENTION TIME (OIL)
• Condensate 2 - 5 minutes
(3 minutes)
4. Retention Time
• 3 min. to 10+ min.
Vertical Vessels
PROCEDURE FOR SIZING THREE - PHASE
VERTICAL SEPARATORS
1. Calculate minimum diameter from requirement for water droplet to
fall through oil layer. Use 500 micron droplet if no other information
available.
2 Q o
d = 6690
( SG) dm2
[(tr )o Qo + (tr ) w Q w ]
ho + hw =
0.12 d2
ho + hw + 76 ho + hw + dmin + 40
L ss + or
12 12
4. Retention Time
• 3 min. to 10+ min.
Horizontal Vessels
Sizing Horizontal Three Phase Separator
1. For Gas Capacity Chose d and Leff that satisfies:
Sizing Horizontal Three Phase Separator
2. Chose desired oil and gas retention times and and fractional
cross sectional area of liquids calculate d and Leff that satisfies:
2 ( tr ) o Q o + ( tr ) w Q w
d L eff =
1.4 L
Where:
Qw = water flow rate, BPD
(tr)w = water retention time, min
Qo = oil flow rate, BPD
(tr)o = oil retention time, min
αl = fractional cross sectional area of liquid
Use the graph of α vs. β to get one if you know the other
Sizing Horizontal Three Phase Separator
4. From the maximum oil pad thickness, liquid flow rates, and retention
times a maximum vessel diameter may be calculated. The fractional
cross sectional area of the vessel required for water retention may be
determined as follows:
l Q w ( tr ) w
w =
Q o ( t r ) o + Q w ( tr ) w
Where:
αl = fractional area of liquids
αw = fractional area of water
Sizing Horizontal Three Phase Separator
Where:
dmax = maximum vessel internal diameter, in
βl = fractional height of liquids
• Horizontal Separators
• Vertical Separators
• Vessel Internals
• Sizing Theory
• Well Testing
Well Testing
Test Separator
Multi-Phase Meters
Gamma Ray Multi-Phase Meter
Multi-Port Valve
Multi-Port Valve