Training Session on WHR

Waste Heat Recovery

(Pengambilan Limbah Panas)

1
Training Agenda: WHR

Pendahuluan
Jenis waste heat recovery
Penilaian waste heat recovery

2
Pendahuluan

Apakah Limbah Panas?

• “Limbah” panas dapat digunakan
• “Kualitas” panas lebih penting
daripada kuantitas panas
• Waste heat recovery menghemat
bahan bakar

3
Introduction
Sumber dan Kualitas Panas
S. No Source of Waste Heat
1 Heat in flue gases
2 Heat in vapour streams
3 Convective & radiant heat lost
from exterior of equipment
4 Heat losses in cooling water
5 Heat losses in providing
chilled water or in the
disposal of chilled water
6 Heat stored in products
leaving the process
7 Heat in gaseous & liquid
effluents leaving process
Quality of Waste Heat
The higher the temperature, the greater the
potential value for heat recovery
As above but when condensed, latent heat
also recoverable
Low grade – if collected may be used for
space heating or air preheats
Low grade – useful gains if heat is exchanged
with incoming fresh water
1.High grade if it can be utilized to reduce
demand for refrigeration
2.Low grade if refrigeration unit used as a
form of Heat pump
Quality depends upon temperature
Poor if heavily contaminated & thus requiring
alloy heat exchanger 4
Introduction

Pengambilan Panas Suhu Medium

Types of Devices Temperature (0C)

Steam boiler exhaust 230 – 480

Gas turbine exhaust 370 – 540
Reciprocating engine exhaust 315 – 600
Reciprocating engine exhaust 230 – 370
(turbo charged)
Heat treatment furnace 425 – 650
Drying & baking ovens 230 – 600
Catalytic crackers 425 – 650
Annealing furnace cooling 425 – 650 5
Training Agenda: WHR

Pendahuluan
Jenis waste heat recovery
Penilaian waste heat recovery

6
Type of Waste Heat Recovery

Economizer
• Manfaatkan panas gas buang untuk pemanasan awal
air umpan boiler
• Menghemat 1% bahan
bakar jika:

 Kenaikan 60 ◦C
dalam air umpan

 Kenaikan 200 ◦C
dalam suhu
pembakaran
Figure 8. Economizer
(Bureau of Energy Efficiency,
2004) 7
Type of Waste Heat Recovery

Economizer
 Shell and tube heat exchanger
Digunakan ketika medium yang mengandung
limbah panas adalah cairan atau uap yang
memanaskan cairan lain

Shell berisi
bundle pipa yang
dilengkapi
baffles
Uap berada
dalam shell
Figure 9. Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
(King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, 8
2003)
Training Agenda: WHR

Pendahuluan
Jenis waste heat recovery
Penilaian waste heat recovery

9
Penilaian waste heat recovery

Kehilangan Panas
Kualitas:
• Suhu lebih tinggi = Kualitas lebih tinggi = biaya
pengambilan panas lebih rendah

Kuantitas:
• Banyaknya panas yang diambil dapat dihitung:

Q = heat content in kCal

V = the flow rate of the substance in m3/hr
 = density of the flue gas in kg/m3
Q = V x  x Cp x T Cp = the specific heat of the substance in
kCal/kg oC
T = the temperature difference in oC
Cp (Specific heat of flue gas) = 0.24
kCal/kg/oC 10