PRE-INDUSTRIAL

PRE-INDUSTRIAL
AGE (BEFORE
AGE (BEFORE
1700)
1700)
 PRE-
INDUSTRIAL
 People discovered fire, developed paper from plants,
and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze,
copper and iron.
AGE
 Pre-industrial is a time before there were machines
and tools to help perform tasks en masse. Pre-
industrial civilization dates back to centuries ago,
but the main era known as the Pre-Industrial Society
CAVE PAINTINGS
35,000 BC
 WHEN
?
Cave paintings are also
known as "parietal art".
They are painted
drawings on cave walls or
ceilings, mainly of
prehistoric origin, dated
to some 40,000 years ago
(around 38,000 BCE) in
Eurasia.
 CAVE PAINTINGS
35,000
 Some theories hold that BC
cave paintings may
have been a way of
communicating with
others, while other
theories ascribe a
religious or ceremonial
purpose to them. The Cueva de las Manos located Perito Moreno, Argentina.
The art in the cave dates between 13,000-9,000 BP

paintings are
remarkably similar
 The oldest date given to
an animal cave painting
is now a pig that has a
minimum age of 35,400
years old at Timpuseng
cave in Sulawesi, an
Indonesian island.
Indonesian and
Australian scientists
have dated other non-
figurative paintings on
 Nearly 340 caves have now been discovered
in France and Spain that contain art from
prehistoric times. The choice of subject
matter can also indicate chronology. For
instance, the reindeer depicted in the
Spanish cave of Cueva de las Monedas
places the drawings in the last Ice Age.
 The earliest figurative paintings in Europe
date back to the Aurignacian period,
approximately 30,000 to 32,000 years ago,
and are found in the Chauvet Cave in
France, and in the Coliboaia Cave in 
Romania. The earliest non-figurative rock art
 dates back to approximately 40,000 years
ago, the date given both to a disk in the 
El Castillo cave and a hand st encil in
Timpuseng cave Sulawesi, Indonesia.
HIEROGLYPHICS
 WHEN?
 Use of hieroglyphic writing arises
from proto-literate symbol systems
in the Early Bronze Age, around
the 32nd century BC (Naqada III)
 Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal
writing system used in Ancient Egypt.
It combined logographic, syllabic and
alphabetic elements, with a total of
some 1,000 distinct characters.
 With the final closing of pagan
temples in the 5th century,
knowledge of hieroglyphic writing
was lost, and the script remained
undeciphered throughout the
medieval and early modern period.
CLAY TABLETS
IN
MESOPOTAMIA
2400 BC
 WH
 Were a medium used for

EN?
writing. They were
common in the Fertile
Crescent, from about the
5th millennium BC. A clay
tablet is a more or less
flat surface made of clay.
Using a stylus, symbols
were pressed into the
soft clay. It is possible to
correct errors on the
tablet. The tablet was
 CLAY TABLETS IN
MESOPOTAMIA 2400 BC
 Cuneiform was the first writing used on clay
tablets. The system was used by several
civilizations who spoke several different
languages.
 The earliest known printing date to 2,200 BCE
 Evidence of the first writing on clay tablets
has been found in southern Mesopotamia
 Because of the complicated combinations of
signs, only a few people beyond scribes were
able to read the tablets. After the Akkadians
conquered the Sumerians, the written
language was expanded to include new
vocabulary.
 The Sumerians use
a wooden stylus to
place simple shapes
and lines into moist
clay. This form of
writing became
 
known as cuneiform Sumerian Cuneiform during 26th
BCE

because of the
wedge-shaped
markings made in
PAPYRUS IN EGYPT
2500 BC
 WHE
 Papyrus was first

N?
manufactured in Egypt as
far back as the fourth
millennium BCE. The
earliest archaeological
evidence of papyrus was Roman portraiture fresco of a young man with a
papyrus scroll, from Herculaneum, 1st century AD

excavated in 2012 and

2013 at Wadi al-Jarf, an 
ancient Egyptian harbor
 located on the Red Sea
 PAPYRUS IN EGYPT 2500 BC
 Codices were an improvement on the
papyrus scroll, as the papyrus was
not pliable enough to fold without
cracking and a long roll, or scroll, was
required to create large-volume texts.
Papyrus had the advantage of being
relatively cheap and easy to produce,
but it was fragile and susceptible to
both moisture and excessive dryness.
Unless the papyrus was of perfect
quality, the writing surface was
irregular, and the range of media that
could be used was also limited.
 Papyrus is a material similar
to thick paper that was used in
ancient times as a 
writing surface. It was made
from the pith of the papyrus
plant, Cyperus papyrus, a
wetland sedge. Papyrus can
also refer to a document
written on sheets of such
material, joined together side
by side and rolled up into a 
scroll, an early form of a book.
 Papyrus is first known to have
ACTA DIURNA
IN ROME (130
BC)
 ACTA DIURNA IN ROME
130
 The Roman Acta Diurna BC
(translated
from the Latin to mean ‘Daily Acts’
or ‘Daily Public Records’) were the
daily public notices that were
posted in certain public places
around the ancient city of Rome.
These notices kept the ancient
inhabitants of Rome up to date with
current events. They contained
various forms of news, ranging from
the official to entertainment, and
 The first form of Acta appeared
around 131 B.C. during the Roman
Republic. Their original content
included results of legal
proceedings and outcomes of trials.
Later the content was expanded to
public notices and announcements
and other noteworthy information
such as prominent births,
marriages and deaths. After a
couple of days the notices were
taken down and archived (though
no intact copy has survived to the
present day).
 DIBAO IN
CHINA (2 ND

CENTURY)
 WHE
N?
 Different sources place
their first publication as
early as the Han Dynasty
 (206 BC–220 AD) or as
late as the Tang Dynasty
 (June 18, 618–June 4,
907). They contained
official announcements
and news, and were
intended to be seen only
by bureaucrats .
 DIBAO IN CHINA (2ND CENTURY)
 The Chinese “Dibao” is the earliest and
oldest newspaper in the world. During
West Han time, Han government carried
out the “Jun xian zhi”, the eparch and
county system which is helpful in
concentrating the central power. Every
eparch sets up its office in the capital
Chang’an. These offices were called
“Di”s. “Di” Officers are selected by the
eparchial government. Their
responsibilities included collecting the
messages announced by the
 The Dibao administered
villages under the ordinary
Chinese administrative
system. A similar office called
the shoubao (shou-pao) was
established under the Qing in
1725 to manage the 
Banner system.
 The Dibao were the successors
of the Qin and Han
 tingzhang, the Sui and Tang
 lizheng, and Song
 baozheng.They were
CODEX IN MAYAN
REGION (5 TH

CENTURY)
 WHE
N?
 The Mayan developed
their huun-paper around
5th century, which is
roughly the same time
that the codex became
predominant over the
scroll in the Roman
world. Maya paper was
more durable and a
 CODEX IN MAYAN REGION (5TH CENTURY)

 Maya codices (singular

codex) are folding books
written by the pre-Columbian
Maya civilization in Maya
hieroglyphic script on
Mesoamerican bark cloth. The
folding books are the products
of professional scribes working
under the patronage of deities
such as the Tonsured Maize
There are only three codices
whose authentically is
beyond
 Dresdendoubt.
Codex These are:
 Madrid Codex
 Paris Codex

(Page 9 of the Dresden Codex
from 1880 Forestemann)
DRESDEN CODEX
Dresden Codex (Codex Dresdensis),
74 pages, 3.56 metres (11.7 feet), is
held in the Sachsische Landesbibliothek
(SLUB), the state library in Dresden,
Germany. It is the most elaborate of the
codices, and also a highly important
specimen of Maya art. Many sections
are ritualistic (including so-called
almanacs), others are of an astrological
 Somehow it made its way to Europe
and was bought by the royal library
of the court of Saxony in Dresden in
1739. The only exact replica,
including the huun, made by a
German artist is displayed at the
Museo Nacional de Arqueologia in
Guatemala City, since October,
2007. Between 1880 and 1990,
Dresden librarian Emst Forstemann
succeeded in disphering the Maya
numerals and the Maya calendar and (Page 10-11 of the Dresden Maya Codex

realized that the codex is an edition, Drawing by Lacambalan,

2001)

ephemeris.
 MADRID CODEX
 Madrid Codex (Tro-Cortesianus
Codex), 112 pages, 6.82 metres
(22.4 feet), it was discovered in
Spain in the 1860s; it was divided
into two parts of differing sizes that
were found in different locations.
The codex receives its alternate
name of the Tro-Cortesianus Codex Rain-bringing snakes, Madrid Codex

after the two parts that were

separately discovered.The Museo
Arqueologico Nacional acquired the
 PARIS CODEX
 Paris Codex (Peresianus Codex), 22 pages,
1.45 metres (4.8 feet), contains prophecies for
tuns and katuns (see Maya calendar), as well as
a Maya zodiac, and is thus, in both respects,
akin to the books of Chilam Balam. The codex
first appeared in 1832 as an acquisition of
France’s Bibliotheque Imperiale (later the
Bibliotheque Nacionale, or National Library) in
Paris. Three years later the first reproduction
drawing of it was prepared for Lord
Kingsborough, by his Lombardian artist
Paris Codex
Agostino Aglio. The original drawing is now lost,
but a copy survives among some of
Kingsborough’s unpublished proof sheets, held
 An alleged fourth codex remains (as of
GROILER CODEX
August 2017) controversial:
Grolier Codex (Saenz Codex), while the
three codices above were known to
scholars since the 19th century, the Grolier
codex only surfaced in the 1970s. The
codex, said to have been found in a cave, is
really a fragment of 11 pages. It is currently
in a museum in Mexico, but is not on
display to the public (scanned photos of it
are available on the web). Each page shows Page 6 of the Grolier Codex,
depicting a death god with captive

the hero or god, facing to the left. At the

PRINTING PRESS
USING WOOD
BLOCKS (220 AD)
 WH
EN?
 Woodblock printing existed
in Tang China during the
7th century AD and
remained the most
common East Asian method
of printing books and other
texts, as well as images,
until the 19th century.
 PRINTING PRESS USING
 WOOD BLOCKS(200
Woodblock printing is a techniqueAD)
for printing text, images or patterns
used widely throughout East Asia and
originating in China in antiquity as a
method of printing on textiles and
later paper. As a method of printing on
cloth, the earliest surviving examples
from China date to before 220 AD.
 Ukiyo-e is the best known type of
Japanese woodblock art print. Most