BIOCHEMISTRY II

METABOLISM OF CHARBOHIDRATE

ST. HAERANI
F1C1 16 041

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
MATH AND SCIENCE FACULTY
HALUOLEO UNIVERSITY

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Introduction

Charbohydrate

Lipid

Protein
Metabolism

Digestion
system
Makromolekul Blood
-mikromolekul
(glukosa)

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CARBOHYDRATE

The word carbohydrate comes from the word carbon (C)

and hydrate (H2O). In simple terms carbohydrates are
defined as polymer sacar (sugar polymer). Carbohydrates
are carbon compounds containing large amounts of
hydroxyl group (-OH).

(CH2O)n atau CnH2nOn

chlorophhyll
6CO2 + 6H2O ——> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Benefits Carbohydrate
carbohydrate
• As a source of energy or calories.
• Providing a sense of Satiety
• Regulate fat metabolism
• Strengthen the sweet taste in foods
• Shaping and protective Sel.

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 CLASSIFICATION CARBOHYDRATE

MONOSACCHARIDE

CARBOHYDRATES DISACCHARIDE

POLYSACCHARIDE

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Metabolism

Charbohydrate
Metabolismmetabolism
is chemicalis a
katabolisme
chemical process anabolisme
reaction thatthat occurs
occur in in
organism body to proses the
organism include those
CHARBOHYDRATE
at the
Compleks
celular
into simple
level.
Simple to
molecul or compleks molekul
to simple
and produce energy.
complex

Release Absorb
energy energy

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 Lost of glucose in the
blood

Pancreatic
Insulin gland

Cells
Energy

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Aerob Respiration is
break reaction of
Anaerob respiration.
glucose compound
by needing oxygen.
3.
3. Oxidative
Oxidative
1.
1. Glycolysis
Glycolysis phosporilation
phosporilation

2.
2. TCA
TCA Cycle
Cycle
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 Glykolisis
• Glycolysis : glyco= sugar, lysis= break
: Decomposition of glucose into pyruvate
• is also called EMP (Embden MayerHoff Pathway).
• occurs in the cytoplasma
• The process glycolyis: glucose oxidation energy (ATP)

There are 10 stages in the glycolysis.

Each stage on the reaction uses different enzyme..

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Stages in Glycolysis

Phase 1. Hexokinase
• Decomposition of glucose
molecules into glucose-6-
phosphate.
• Catalized by hexokinase
and ion as cofactor.

Phase 2. Phosphohexoisomerase
• Change glucose-6-phosphate into
fructose-6-phosphate.
• Use phosphoglucoisomerase as
catalist.

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Phase 3.
Phosphofructokinase
• Change fructose-6-
phosphate to fructose-1,6-
diphosphate
• Catalyzed by
phosphofructokinase.
• Assisted by Mg ions2+ as
cofactors.

Phase 4. Aldolase
• Decomposition fructose-1,6-
diphosphate into
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
and gliceraldehyde-3-
phosphate.
• Catalized by aldolase.

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Phase 5. Triose
Phosphateisomerase
• Catalyzed by Triose
phosphateIsomerase
• Change dihydroxyacetone
phosphate to
gliceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Phase 6. Glyceraldehide-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase

In this reaction used coenzyme and phosphate group obtained from
phosphoric acid.

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Phase 7. Fosfogliseril
Kinase
• In this reaction an ATP
molecule is formed from
ADP molecule and
Magnesium ion are needed
as a cofactor.

Phase 8. Fosfogliseril
Mutase
• Move the phosphate group
from one C atom to another
C atom.

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Phase 9. Enolase
• Formation
phosphophenolpyruvate
from 2-phosphoglicerat
acid.
• Catalized by enolase and as
cofactor.

Phase 10. Piruvat Kinase

• Move the phosphate group
from phosphoenolpyruvate
acid to ADP so the ATP and
pyruvate acid is formed.

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Oxidative decarboxylation

• The preparation stage

towards the TCA cycle.
• Reaction between
glycolysis and TCA cycle.
• Change pyruvat acid to
Acetil CoA
• Occurs in membran
mitokondria.

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 TCA Cycle

• Tricarboxil acid
Cycle/Krebs cycle
Siklus asam
• Occurs in
mitocondria
• Happens
sequentially and
repeatedly
• Change Acetil CoA
become carbon
diokside, water,and
energy.

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Oxidative Phosphorilation

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The amount of Energy Produce

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