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the rocks that form the Earth's crust and surface. They record the
Two scales are used to date these episodes and to measure the age
of the Earth:
1. A relative time scale ; based on the sequence of layering of the rocks and the
evolution of life; the exact age of a rock or layer is unknown but its age relative to other
rocks or layers
elements in some of the rocks i.e. an absolute age in years can be assigned to a rock
or layer
Relative time
Geologic Time Scale was based solely on the concept of relative time – i.e. the estimation
of geologic time based on the occurrence of geological events relative to each other
Relative age dating was aided by advances in the following
Uniformity
Superposition
Succession of fauna
Inclusions
Physiographic development
Physiographic development: Continuous and sequential process of landform
age dating.
Stratigraphy
The study of the relationship among the strata of the earth’s crust. The
upper beds.
3. Nonconformity: sedimentary rocks formed at the Earth's
event.
Uranium – Lead
Potassium – Argon
Carbon 14
been able to establish the absolute times for the geologic column.
Geologic Column
Major divisions of Geologic Time with brief explanations of each are
shown in the following scale of relative geologic time (Table 1), which
• Periods:
• Epochs: